OpenCV里的常用Rect用法

OpenCV里通常定义一个矩形有两种方式，一种是通过矩形左上角和矩形宽高来定义：

Rect_ (_Tp _x, _Tp _y, _Tp _width, _Tp _height)

另一种是通过矩形左上角点坐标和右下角点坐标来定义：

Rect_ (const Point_< _Tp > &pt1, const Point_< _Tp > &pt2)

Rect类常用的成员函数有：

area()，返回Rect的面积；size()，返回Rect的长宽；tl()，返回左上角坐标；br()，返回右下角坐标；width，返回矩形宽度；height，返回矩形高度。

另外，还有几个很方便的用法，比如：

• rect = rect ± point (shifting a rectangle by a certain offset)
• rect = rect ± size (expanding or shrinking a rectangle by a certain amount)
• rect = rect1 & rect2 (rectangles intersection)
• rect = rect1 | rect2 (union of rectangles)

因为求矩形交集和并集在我自己的工程里用的比较多，所以就拿这两个来做个示例：

#include <iostream>
#include "opencv2/core/core.hpp"
#include "opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp"
#include "opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp"

using namespace std;
using namespace cv;

int main()
{
	Mat img = imread("dog.jpg");
	
	cout << "img.size() = " << img.cols << "  " << img.rows << endl;
	
	Rect rect1(100,100,200,200);  //使用左上角顶点坐标和矩形宽高定义矩形
	Rect rect2(150,150,300,400);
	Rect rect3(Point(200,200), Point(400,500));     //使用左上角顶点坐标和右下角顶点坐标来定义矩形
	Rect rect4(Point(600,600), Point(900,900));      
	
	cout << "rect4.width = " << rect4.width << ", rect4.height = " << rect4.height << endl;    //注意width和height后面不带括号  
	cout << "rect1.tl() = " << rect1.tl() << ", rect1.br() = " << rect4.br() << endl;   // 输出左上角和右下角坐标
	
	//绘制rect1 ~ rect4
	rectangle(img, rect1, Scalar(255,0,0), 2);
	putText(img, "rect1", Point(100,100), FONT_HERSHEY_PLAIN, 1, Scalar(255, 0,0));
	rectangle(img, rect2, Scalar(0,255,0), 2);
	putText(img, "rect2", Point(150,150), FONT_HERSHEY_PLAIN, 1, Scalar(0, 255,0));
	rectangle(img, rect3, Scalar(0,0,255), 2);
	putText(img, "rect3", Point(200,200), FONT_HERSHEY_PLAIN, 1, Scalar(0, 0, 255));
	rectangle(img, rect4, Scalar(0,255,255), 2);
	putText(img, "rect4", Point(600,600), FONT_HERSHEY_PLAIN, 1, Scalar(0, 255,255));
	
	imwrite("rectangles.bmp", img);
	
	Rect rect1v2 = rect1 & rect2;  //两相交矩形的交集
	Rect rect1or3 = rect1 | rect3;  //两相交矩形的并集
	Rect rect1or4 = rect1 | rect4;  //两不相交矩形的并集
	Rect rect4Resize = rect4 + Size(100,100);   //将矩形rect4的宽高分别扩展100
	
	cout << "rect4Resize.width = " << rect4Resize.width << ", rect4Resize.height = " << rect4Resize.height << endl;

	rectangle(img, rect1v2, Scalar(0), 4);
	putText(img, "rect1v2", Point(150+50,150), FONT_HERSHEY_COMPLEX, 1, Scalar(0,0,0));
	rectangle(img, rect1or3, Scalar(255,255,255), 4);
	putText(img,"rect1or3", Point(100+50, 100), FONT_HERSHEY_COMPLEX, 1, Scalar(255,255,255));
	rectangle(img, rect1or4, Scalar(255,255,255), 4);
	putText(img,"rect1or4", Point(100+300, 100), FONT_HERSHEY_COMPLEX, 1, Scalar(255,255,255));
	rectangle(img, rect4Resize, Scalar(255,255,0), 4);
	putText(img,"rect4Resize", Point(600+50, 600), FONT_HERSHEY_COMPLEX, 1, Scalar(255,255,0));
	
	imwrite("rect_calc.bmp", img);
	
	imshow("img", img);
	waitKey(0);
}

编译：
g++ -std=c++11 test_rect.cpp -o test_rect `pkg-config --cflags --libs opencv`

运行结果：

最初的四个矩形：

求并集、交集和resize之后：