函数
f
(
x
)
=
{
x
2
sin
1
x
,
x
>
0
0
,
x
⩽
0
f(x)= \begin{cases}x^{2} \sin \frac{1}{x}, & x>0 \\ 0, & x \leqslant 0\end{cases}
f(x)={x2sinx1,0,x>0x⩽0
解
f
−
′
(
0
)
=
lim
x
→
0
−
f
(
x
)
−
f
(
0
)
x
−
0
=
lim
x
→
0
−
0
−
0
x
=
0
f
+
′
(
0
)
=
lim
x
→
0
+
f
(
x
)
−
f
(
0
)
x
−
0
=
lim
x
→
0
+
x
2
sin
1
x
−
0
x
=
lim
x
→
0
+
x
sin
1
x
=
0
(
因无穷小
×
有界量
=
无穷小
)
\begin{aligned} f_{-}^{\prime}(0) &=\lim _{x \rightarrow 0^{-}} \frac{f(x)-f(0)}{x-0}=\lim _{x \rightarrow 0^{-}} \frac{0-0}{x}=0 \\ f_{+}^{\prime}(0) &=\lim _{x \rightarrow 0^{+}} \frac{f(x)-f(0)}{x-0}=\lim _{x \rightarrow 0^{+}} \frac{x^{2} \sin \frac{1}{x}-0}{x} \\ &=\lim _{x \rightarrow 0^{+}} x \sin \frac{1}{x}=0 \quad(\text { 因无穷小 } \times \text { 有界量 }=\text { 无穷小 }) \end{aligned}
f−′(0)f+′(0)=x→0−limx−0f(x)−f(0)=x→0−limx0−0=0=x→0+limx−0f(x)−f(0)=x→0+limxx2sinx1−0=x→0+limxsinx1=0( 因无穷小 × 有界量 = 无穷小 )
所以
f
′
(
0
)
=
0
f^{\prime}(0)=0
f′(0)=0, 当
x
>
0
x>0
x>0 时
f
′
(
x
)
=
(
x
2
sin
1
x
)
′
=
2
x
sin
1
x
+
x
2
cos
1
x
(
−
1
x
2
)
=
2
x
sin
1
x
−
cos
1
x
f^{\prime}(x)=\left(x^{2} \sin \frac{1}{x}\right)^{\prime}=2 x \sin \frac{1}{x}+x^{2} \cos \frac{1}{x}\left(-\frac{1}{x^{2}}\right)=2 x \sin \frac{1}{x}-\cos \frac{1}{x}
f′(x)=(x2sinx1)′=2xsinx1+x2cosx1(−x21)=2xsinx1−cosx1
当
x
<
0
x<0
x<0 时,
f
′
(
x
)
=
(
0
)
′
=
0
f^{\prime}(x)=(0)^{\prime}=0
f′(x)=(0)′=0, 所以
f
′
(
x
)
=
{
2
x
sin
1
x
−
cos
1
x
,
x
>
0
0
,
x
⩽
0
f^{\prime}(x)= \begin{cases}2 x \sin \frac{1}{x}-\cos \frac{1}{x}, & x>0 \\ 0, & x \leqslant 0\end{cases}
f′(x)={2xsinx1−cosx1,0,x>0x⩽0
因此
f
′
(
0
−
)
=
lim
x
→
0
−
f
′
(
x
)
=
lim
x
→
0
−
0
=
0
f^{\prime}\left(0^{-}\right)=\lim _{x \rightarrow 0^{-}} f^{\prime}(x)=\lim _{x \rightarrow 0^{-}} 0=0
f′(0−)=x→0−limf′(x)=x→0−lim0=0
f
′
(
0
+
)
=
lim
x
→
0
+
f
′
(
x
)
=
lim
x
→
0
+
(
2
x
sin
1
x
−
cos
1
x
)
f^{\prime}\left(0^{+}\right)=\lim _{x \rightarrow 0^{+}} f^{\prime}(x)=\lim _{x \rightarrow 0^{+}}\left(2 x \sin \frac{1}{x}-\cos \frac{1}{x}\right)
f′(0+)=limx→0+f′(x)=limx→0+(2xsinx1−cosx1) 不存在(因为
lim
x
→
0
2
x
sin
1
x
=
0
\lim _{x \rightarrow 0} 2 x \sin \frac{1}{x}=0
limx→02xsinx1=0, 而
lim
x
→
0
cos
1
x
\lim _{x \rightarrow 0} \cos \frac{1}{x}
limx→0cosx1 属于振荡不存在).
因为在 ( − ∞ , + ∞ ) (-\infty,+\infty) (−∞,+∞) 上 f ′ ( x ) f^{\prime}(x) f′(x) 都存在, 所以 f ( x ) f(x) f(x) 在 ( − ∞ , + ∞ ) (-\infty,+\infty) (−∞,+∞) 上连续, 又根据 f ′ ( x ) f^{\prime}(x) f′(x) 的表达式,显然当 x ≠ 0 x \neq 0 x=0 时, f ′ ( x ) f^{\prime}(x) f′(x) 连续, 而 x = 0 x=0 x=0 是 f ′ ( x ) f^{\prime}(x) f′(x) 的第二类振荡间断点.
2021年9月9日12:55:37