einusm
【参考：一个函数打天下，einsum - 知乎】
energy = torch.einsum("nqhd,nkhd->nhqk", [queries, keys])
# queries shape: (N, query_len, heads, heads_dim),
# keys shape: (N, key_len, heads, heads_dim)
# energy: (N, heads, query_len, key_len)
理解
nqhd：nh,qd
# nh理解为立方体个数和立方体高度
# qd理解为矩形长度和宽度
nkhd：nh,kd
# 把高维的先提取出来，再对低维的数据进行操作
[nh] qd*(kd)^T = nh qk
Transformer
【参考：Pytorch Transformers from Scratch (Attention is all you need) - YouTube】
【参考：Machine-Learning-Collection/transformer_from_scratch.py at master · aladdinpersson/Machine-Learning-Collection】
- TransformerBlock
后面没有看懂，学习到了思路就行。
"""
A from scratch implementation of Transformer network,
following the paper Attention is all you need with a
few minor differences. I tried to make it as clear as
possible to understand and also went through the code
on my youtube channel!
"""
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
"""
多头注意力机制
"""
class SelfAttention(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, embed_size, heads):
super(SelfAttention, self).__init__()
self.embed_size = embed_size
self.heads = heads
self.head_dim = embed_size // heads
assert (
self.head_dim * heads == embed_size
), "Embedding size needs to be divisible by heads"
self.values = nn.Linear(self.head_dim, self.head_dim, bias=False)
self.keys = nn.Linear(self.head_dim, self.head_dim, bias=False)
self.queries = nn.Linear(self.head_dim, self.head_dim, bias=False)
self.fc_out = nn.Linear(heads * self.head_dim, embed_size)
def forward(self, values, keys, query, mask):
# Get number of training examples
N = query.shape[0]
value_len, key_len, query_len = values.shape[1], keys.shape[1], query.shape[1]
# Split the embedding into self.heads different pieces
values = values.reshape(N, value_len, self.heads, self.head_dim)
keys = keys.reshape(N, key_len, self.heads, self.head_dim)
query = query.reshape(N, query_len, self.heads, self.head_dim)
values = self.values(values) # (N, value_len, heads, head_dim)
keys = self.keys(keys) # (N, key_len, heads, head_dim)
queries = self.queries(query) # (N, query_len, heads, heads_dim)
# Einsum does matrix mult. for query*keys for each training example
# with every other training example, don't be confused by einsum
# it's just how I like doing matrix multiplication & bmm
energy = torch.einsum("nqhd,nkhd->nhqk", [queries, keys])
# queries shape: (N, query_len, heads, heads_dim),
# keys shape: (N, key_len, heads, heads_dim)
# energy: (N, heads, query_len, key_len)
# Mask padded indices so their weights become 0
# decoder 需要先用遮挡矩阵遮住每一个单词之后的信息
if mask is not None:
energy = energy.masked_fill(mask == 0, float("-1e20"))
# Normalize energy values similarly to seq2seq + attention
# so that they sum to 1. Also divide by scaling factor for
# better stability
attention = torch.softmax(energy / (self.embed_size ** (1 / 2)), dim=3) # 对最后一个维度（每一行）进行softmax
# attention shape: (N, heads, query_len, key_len)
out = torch.einsum("nhql,nlhd->nqhd", [attention, values]).reshape(
N, query_len, self.heads * self.head_dim
)
# attention shape: (N, heads, query_len, key_len)
# values shape: (N, value_len, heads, heads_dim)
# out after matrix multiply: (N, query_len, heads, head_dim), then
# we reshape and flatten the last two dimensions.
out = self.fc_out(out)
# Linear layer doesn't modify the shape, final shape will be
# (N, query_len, embed_size)
return out
class TransformerBlock(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, embed_size, heads, dropout, forward_expansion):
super(TransformerBlock, self).__init__()
self.attention = SelfAttention(embed_size, heads)
self.norm1 = nn.LayerNorm(embed_size)
self.norm2 = nn.LayerNorm(embed_size)
# 先将维度提升forward_expansion倍，经过relu激活函数，又将维度降回来
self.feed_forward = nn.Sequential(
nn.Linear(embed_size, forward_expansion * embed_size),
nn.ReLU(),
nn.Linear(forward_expansion * embed_size, embed_size),
)
self.dropout = nn.Dropout(dropout)
def forward(self, value, key, query, mask):
attention = self.attention(value, key, query, mask)
# Add skip connection, run through normalization and finally dropout
x = self.dropout(self.norm1(attention + query))
forward = self.feed_forward(x)
out = self.dropout(self.norm2(forward + x))
return out
class Encoder(nn.Module):
def __init__(
self,
src_vocab_size,
embed_size,
num_layers,
heads,
device,
forward_expansion,
dropout,
max_length,
):
super(Encoder, self).__init__()
self.embed_size = embed_size
self.device = device
self.word_embedding = nn.Embedding(src_vocab_size, embed_size)
self.position_embedding = nn.Embedding(max_length, embed_size)
self.layers = nn.ModuleList(
[
TransformerBlock(
embed_size,
heads,
dropout=dropout,
forward_expansion=forward_expansion,
)
for _ in range(num_layers)
]
)
self.dropout = nn.Dropout(dropout)
def forward(self, x, mask):
N, seq_length = x.shape
positions = torch.arange(0, seq_length).expand(N, seq_length).to(self.device)
out = self.dropout(
(self.word_embedding(x) + self.position_embedding(positions))
)
# In the Encoder the query, key, value are all the same, it's in the
# decoder this will change. This might look a bit odd in this case.
for layer in self.layers:
out = layer(out, out, out, mask)
return out
class DecoderBlock(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, embed_size, heads, forward_expansion, dropout, device):
super(DecoderBlock, self).__init__()
self.norm = nn.LayerNorm(embed_size)
self.attention = SelfAttention(embed_size, heads=heads)
self.transformer_block = TransformerBlock(
embed_size, heads, dropout, forward_expansion
)
self.dropout = nn.Dropout(dropout)
def forward(self, x, value, key, src_mask, trg_mask):
attention = self.attention(x, x, x, trg_mask)
query = self.dropout(self.norm(attention + x))
out = self.transformer_block(value, key, query, src_mask)
return out
class Decoder(nn.Module):
def __init__(
self,
trg_vocab_size,
embed_size,
num_layers,
heads,
forward_expansion,
dropout,
device,
max_length,
):
super(Decoder, self).__init__()
self.device = device
self.word_embedding = nn.Embedding(trg_vocab_size, embed_size) # 词向量
self.position_embedding = nn.Embedding(max_length, embed_size) # 位置向量
self.layers = nn.ModuleList(
[
DecoderBlock(embed_size, heads, forward_expansion, dropout, device)
for _ in range(num_layers)
]
)
self.fc_out = nn.Linear(embed_size, trg_vocab_size)
self.dropout = nn.Dropout(dropout)
def forward(self, x, enc_out, src_mask, trg_mask):
N, seq_length = x.shape
positions = torch.arange(0, seq_length).expand(N, seq_length).to(self.device)
x = self.dropout((self.word_embedding(x) + self.position_embedding(positions)))
for layer in self.layers:
x = layer(x, enc_out, enc_out, src_mask, trg_mask)
out = self.fc_out(x)
return out
class Transformer(nn.Module):
def __init__(
self,
src_vocab_size,
trg_vocab_size,
src_pad_idx,
trg_pad_idx,
embed_size=512,
num_layers=6,
forward_expansion=4,
heads=8,
dropout=0,
device="cpu",
max_length=100,
):
super(Transformer, self).__init__()
self.encoder = Encoder(
src_vocab_size,
embed_size,
num_layers,
heads,
device,
forward_expansion,
dropout,
max_length,
)
self.decoder = Decoder(
trg_vocab_size,
embed_size,
num_layers,
heads,
forward_expansion,
dropout,
device,
max_length,
)
self.src_pad_idx = src_pad_idx
self.trg_pad_idx = trg_pad_idx
self.device = device
def make_src_mask(self, src):
src_mask = (src != self.src_pad_idx).unsqueeze(1).unsqueeze(2)
# (N, 1, 1, src_len)
return src_mask.to(self.device)
def make_trg_mask(self, trg):
N, trg_len = trg.shape
trg_mask = torch.tril(torch.ones((trg_len, trg_len))).expand(
N, 1, trg_len, trg_len
)
return trg_mask.to(self.device)
def forward(self, src, trg):
src_mask = self.make_src_mask(src)
trg_mask = self.make_trg_mask(trg)
enc_src = self.encoder(src, src_mask)
out = self.decoder(trg, enc_src, src_mask, trg_mask)
return out
if __name__ == "__main__":
device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
print(device)
x = torch.tensor([[1, 5, 6, 4, 3, 9, 5, 2, 0], [1, 8, 7, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 2]]).to(
device
)
trg = torch.tensor([[1, 7, 4, 3, 5, 9, 2, 0], [1, 5, 6, 2, 4, 7, 6, 2]]).to(device)
src_pad_idx = 0
trg_pad_idx = 0
src_vocab_size = 10
trg_vocab_size = 10
model = Transformer(src_vocab_size, trg_vocab_size, src_pad_idx, trg_pad_idx, device=device).to(
device
)
out = model(x, trg[:, :-1])
print(out.shape)
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