高度解耦合、事件的监听和广播

问题引入：使用按钮实现一个显示面板的对话功能
层级关系：

实现方法一：
Dialog挂载脚本，监听按钮

   private Button btn_Show;
    private Text txt_Show;

    private void Awake()
    {
        txt_Show = transform.Find("txt_Show").GetComponent<Text>();
        btn_Show = transform.Find("btn_Show").GetComponent<Button>();
        btn_Show.onClick.AddListener(() =>
        {
            txt_Show.text = "Welcome Back,Mr.huang";
        });
    }

实现方法二：
Text对象声明单例模式，在Dialog中挂载，监听
txt_Show下

public class ShowMessage : MonoBehaviour
{
    public static ShowMessage Instance;
    private Text txt_Show;

    private void Awake()
    {
        Instance = this;
        txt_Show = gameObject.GetComponent<Text>();
    }


    public void TextShow(string message)
    {
        txt_Show.text = message;
    }
}

Diaglog下

  private Button btn_Show;
    private Text txt_Show;

    private void Awake()
    {
        txt_Show = transform.Find("txt_Show").GetComponent<Text>();
        btn_Show = transform.Find("btn_Show").GetComponent<Button>();
        btn_Show.onClick.AddListener(() =>
        {
            //txt_Show.text = "Welcome Back,Mr.huang";
            ShowMessage.Instance.TextShow("Welcome Back,Mr.huang");
        });
    }

实现方法三：
使用广播系统，倘若未在txt_Show下挂载事情函数的脚本，那么在Dialog中鼠标的监听函数下也不会报错。降低了系统耦合性。

public class ShowMessage : MonoBehaviour
{
    private Text messageText;
    //使用委托

    private void Awake()
    {
      gameObject.SetActive(false);
      //添加事件监听
      EventCenter.AddListener<string>(EventType.ShowText, ShowText);
    }

    private void Start()
    {
        messageText = GetComponent<Text>();
    }

    private void OnDestroy()
    {
        //移除事件监听
        EventCenter.RemoveListener<string>(EventType.ShowText, ShowText);
    }

    //ShowText方法   
    private void ShowText(string str)
    {
        gameObject.SetActive(true);
        //txt_Show.text = str;
        messageText.text = str;
    }
}

需要用到的位置广播一下事件码就可以了

 private void Awake()
    {
        txt_Show = transform.Find("txt_Show").GetComponent<Text>();
        btn_Show = transform.Find("btn_Show").GetComponent<Button>();
        btn_Show.onClick.AddListener(() =>
        {
            //txt_Show.text = "Welcome Back,Mr.huang";
            //ShowMessage.Instance.TextShow("Welcome Back,Mr.huang");
            EventCenter.Broadcast(EventType.ShowText, "Welcome Back,Mr.huang");
        });
    }

** 需要用到的3个脚本**
CallBack 所有委托函数的重载

public delegate void CallBack();
public delegate void CallBack<T>(T arg);
public delegate void CallBack<T, X>(T arg1, X arg2);
public delegate void CallBack<T, X, Y>(T arg1, X arg2, Y arg3);
public delegate void CallBack<T, X, Y, Z>(T arg1, X arg2, Y arg3, Z arg4);
public delegate void CallBack<T, X, Y, Z, W>(T arg1, X arg2, Y arg3, Z arg4, W arg5);

EventType存储了事件码

public enum EventType
{
    ShowText,
    //事件码位置
}

EventCenter 主要功能添加监听和移除监听

using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public class EventCenter
{
    private static Dictionary<EventType, Delegate> m_EventTable = new Dictionary<EventType, Delegate>();

    private static void OnListenerAdding(EventType eventType, Delegate callBack)
    {
        if (!m_EventTable.ContainsKey(eventType))
        {
            m_EventTable.Add(eventType, null);
        }
        Delegate d = m_EventTable[eventType];
        if (d != null && d.GetType() != callBack.GetType())
        {
            throw new Exception(string.Format("尝试为事件{0}添加不同类型的委托，当前事件所对应的委托是{1}，要添加的委托类型为{2}", eventType, d.GetType(), callBack.GetType()));
        }
    }
    private static void OnListenerRemoving(EventType eventType, Delegate callBack)
    {
        if (m_EventTable.ContainsKey(eventType))
        {
            Delegate d = m_EventTable[eventType];
            if (d == null)
            {
                throw new Exception(string.Format("移除监听错误：事件{0}没有对应的委托", eventType));
            }
            else if (d.GetType() != callBack.GetType())
            {
                throw new Exception(string.Format("移除监听错误：尝试为事件{0}移除不同类型的委托，当前委托类型为{1}，要移除的委托类型为{2}", eventType, d.GetType(), callBack.GetType()));
            }
        }
        else
        {
            throw new Exception(string.Format("移除监听错误：没有事件码{0}", eventType));
        }
    }
    private static void OnListenerRemoved(EventType eventType)
    {
        if (m_EventTable[eventType] == null)
        {
            m_EventTable.Remove(eventType);
        }
    }
    //no parameters
    public static void AddListener(EventType eventType, CallBack callBack)
    {
        OnListenerAdding(eventType, callBack);
        m_EventTable[eventType] = (CallBack)m_EventTable[eventType] + callBack;
    }
    //Single parameters
    public static void AddListener<T>(EventType eventType, CallBack<T> callBack)
    {
        OnListenerAdding(eventType, callBack);
        m_EventTable[eventType] = (CallBack<T>)m_EventTable[eventType] + callBack;
    }
    //two parameters
    public static void AddListener<T, X>(EventType eventType, CallBack<T, X> callBack)
    {
        OnListenerAdding(eventType, callBack);
        m_EventTable[eventType] = (CallBack<T, X>)m_EventTable[eventType] + callBack;
    }
    //three parameters
    public static void AddListener<T, X, Y>(EventType eventType, CallBack<T, X, Y> callBack)
    {
        OnListenerAdding(eventType, callBack);
        m_EventTable[eventType] = (CallBack<T, X, Y>)m_EventTable[eventType] + callBack;
    }
    //four parameters
    public static void AddListener<T, X, Y, Z>(EventType eventType, CallBack<T, X, Y, Z> callBack)
    {
        OnListenerAdding(eventType, callBack);
        m_EventTable[eventType] = (CallBack<T, X, Y, Z>)m_EventTable[eventType] + callBack;
    }
    //five parameters
    public static void AddListener<T, X, Y, Z, W>(EventType eventType, CallBack<T, X, Y, Z, W> callBack)
    {
        OnListenerAdding(eventType, callBack);
        m_EventTable[eventType] = (CallBack<T, X, Y, Z, W>)m_EventTable[eventType] + callBack;
    }

    //no parameters
    public static void RemoveListener(EventType eventType, CallBack callBack)
    {
        OnListenerRemoving(eventType, callBack);
        m_EventTable[eventType] = (CallBack)m_EventTable[eventType] - callBack;
        OnListenerRemoved(eventType);
    }
    //single parameters
    public static void RemoveListener<T>(EventType eventType, CallBack<T> callBack)
    {
        OnListenerRemoving(eventType, callBack);
        m_EventTable[eventType] = (CallBack<T>)m_EventTable[eventType] - callBack;
        OnListenerRemoved(eventType);
    }
    //two parameters
    public static void RemoveListener<T, X>(EventType eventType, CallBack<T, X> callBack)
    {
        OnListenerRemoving(eventType, callBack);
        m_EventTable[eventType] = (CallBack<T, X>)m_EventTable[eventType] - callBack;
        OnListenerRemoved(eventType);
    }
    //three parameters
    public static void RemoveListener<T, X, Y>(EventType eventType, CallBack<T, X, Y> callBack)
    {
        OnListenerRemoving(eventType, callBack);
        m_EventTable[eventType] = (CallBack<T, X, Y>)m_EventTable[eventType] - callBack;
        OnListenerRemoved(eventType);
    }
    //four parameters
    public static void RemoveListener<T, X, Y, Z>(EventType eventType, CallBack<T, X, Y, Z> callBack)
    {
        OnListenerRemoving(eventType, callBack);
        m_EventTable[eventType] = (CallBack<T, X, Y, Z>)m_EventTable[eventType] - callBack;
        OnListenerRemoved(eventType);
    }
    //five parameters
    public static void RemoveListener<T, X, Y, Z, W>(EventType eventType, CallBack<T, X, Y, Z, W> callBack)
    {
        OnListenerRemoving(eventType, callBack);
        m_EventTable[eventType] = (CallBack<T, X, Y, Z, W>)m_EventTable[eventType] - callBack;
        OnListenerRemoved(eventType);
    }


    //no parameters
    public static void Broadcast(EventType eventType)
    {
        Delegate d;
        if (m_EventTable.TryGetValue(eventType, out d))
        {
            CallBack callBack = d as CallBack;
            if (callBack != null)
            {
                callBack();
            }
            else
            {
                throw new Exception(string.Format("广播事件错误：事件{0}对应委托具有不同的类型", eventType));
            }
        }
    }
    //single parameters
    public static void Broadcast<T>(EventType eventType, T arg)
    {
        Delegate d;
        if (m_EventTable.TryGetValue(eventType, out d))
        {
            CallBack<T> callBack = d as CallBack<T>;
            if (callBack != null)
            {
                callBack(arg);
            }
            else
            {
                throw new Exception(string.Format("广播事件错误：事件{0}对应委托具有不同的类型", eventType));
            }
        }
    }
    //two parameters
    public static void Broadcast<T, X>(EventType eventType, T arg1, X arg2)
    {
        Delegate d;
        if (m_EventTable.TryGetValue(eventType, out d))
        {
            CallBack<T, X> callBack = d as CallBack<T, X>;
            if (callBack != null)
            {
                callBack(arg1, arg2);
            }
            else
            {
                throw new Exception(string.Format("广播事件错误：事件{0}对应委托具有不同的类型", eventType));
            }
        }
    }
    //three parameters
    public static void Broadcast<T, X, Y>(EventType eventType, T arg1, X arg2, Y arg3)
    {
        Delegate d;
        if (m_EventTable.TryGetValue(eventType, out d))
        {
            CallBack<T, X, Y> callBack = d as CallBack<T, X, Y>;
            if (callBack != null)
            {
                callBack(arg1, arg2, arg3);
            }
            else
            {
                throw new Exception(string.Format("广播事件错误：事件{0}对应委托具有不同的类型", eventType));
            }
        }
    }
    //four parameters
    public static void Broadcast<T, X, Y, Z>(EventType eventType, T arg1, X arg2, Y arg3, Z arg4)
    {
        Delegate d;
        if (m_EventTable.TryGetValue(eventType, out d))
        {
            CallBack<T, X, Y, Z> callBack = d as CallBack<T, X, Y, Z>;
            if (callBack != null)
            {
                callBack(arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4);
            }
            else
            {
                throw new Exception(string.Format("广播事件错误：事件{0}对应委托具有不同的类型", eventType));
            }
        }
    }
    //five parameters
    public static void Broadcast<T, X, Y, Z, W>(EventType eventType, T arg1, X arg2, Y arg3, Z arg4, W arg5)
    {
        Delegate d;
        if (m_EventTable.TryGetValue(eventType, out d))
        {
            CallBack<T, X, Y, Z, W> callBack = d as CallBack<T, X, Y, Z, W>;
            if (callBack != null)
            {
                callBack(arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4, arg5);
            }
            else
            {
                throw new Exception(string.Format("广播事件错误：事件{0}对应委托具有不同的类型", eventType));
            }
        }
    }
}