这里不说什么泰勒中值定理，什么佩亚诺余项还是拉格朗日余项，直接写出通用公式：
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f(x) = f(x_0) + f'(x_0)(x-x_0) + \frac{f''(x_0)}{2!}(x-x_0)^2 + \cdot\cdot\cdot + \frac{f^{(n)}(x_0)}{n!}(x-x_0)^n + R_n(x)
f(x)=f(x0)+f′(x0)(x−x0)+2!f′′(x0)(x−x0)2+⋅⋅⋅+n!f(n)(x0)(x−x0)n+Rn(x)
麦克劳林公式，即：
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x0=0，带有佩亚诺余项的麦克劳林公式：
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f(x) = f(0) + f'(0)x- + \frac{f''(0)}{2!}x^2 + \cdot\cdot\cdot + \frac{f^{(n)}(0)}{n!}x^n + o(x^n)
f(x)=f(0)+f′(0)x−+2!f′′(0)x2+⋅⋅⋅+n!f(n)(0)xn+o(xn)
常用泰勒展开（麦克劳林公式）
e x ≈ 1 + x + x 2 2 ! + ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ + x n n ! s i n x ≈ x − x 3 3 ! + x 5 5 ! + ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ + ( − 1 ) n − 1 x 2 n − 1 ( 2 n − 1 ) ! c o s x ≈ 1 − x 2 2 ! + x 4 4 ! − ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ + ( − 1 ) n x 2 n ( 2 n ) ! l n ( 1 + x ) ≈ x − x 2 2 + x 3 3 − ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ + ( − 1 ) n − 1 x n n ( 1 + x ) α ≈ 1 + α x + α ( α − 1 ) 2 ! x 2 + ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ + α ( α − 1 ) ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ( α − n + 1 ) n ! x n \begin{aligned} e^x &\approx 1+x+\frac{x^2}{2!}+···+\frac{x^n}{n!}\\ \\ sinx &\approx x-\frac{x^3}{3!}+\frac{x^5}{5!}+···+(-1)^{n-1}\frac{x^{2n-1}}{(2n-1)!}\\ \\ cosx &\approx 1-\frac{x^2}{2!}+\frac{x^4}{4!}-···+(-1)^n\frac{x^{2n}}{(2n)!}\\ \\ ln(1+x) &\approx x-\frac{x^2}{2}+\frac{x^3}{3}-···+(-1)^{n-1}\frac{x^n}{n}\\ \\ (1+x)^\alpha &\approx 1+\alpha x + \frac{\alpha(\alpha-1)}{2!}x^2 +···+\frac{\alpha(\alpha-1)···(\alpha-n+1)}{n!}x^n \end{aligned} exsinxcosxln(1+x)(1+x)α≈1+x+2!x2+⋅⋅⋅+n!xn≈x−3!x3+5!x5+⋅⋅⋅+(−1)n−1(2n−1)!x2n−1≈1−2!x2+4!x4−⋅⋅⋅+(−1)n(2n)!x2n≈x−2x2+3x3−⋅⋅⋅+(−1)n−1nxn≈1+αx+2!α(α−1)x2+⋅⋅⋅+n!α(α−1)⋅⋅⋅(α−n+1)xn
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