DIC technology is used to analyze the stress and strain evolution characteristics of oil and gas pipelines under load
During the construction and service of oil and gas pipelines, pressurization will cause local deformation, dents and other defects, thereby changing the stress and strain distribution characteristics and affecting the service reliability of the pipeline.
The non-contact XTDIC three-dimensional full-field strain measurement system, combined with finite element analysis, can be used to analyze the strain field distribution characteristics of local deformation and dent depth changes in oil and gas pipelines caused by pressurization under external loads, and the correlation can be ascertained through physical dent prefabrication tests. Regional strain distribution characteristics, and its strain distribution law is discovered, which provides a theoretical basis and experimental basis for accurately predicting the evolution of stress and strain during stress and dent processes and studying the impact of mechanical damage on the service safety of oil and gas pipelines.
Testing of strain evolution characteristics in pipeline dent state
The strain endured by the pipe body is not a single strain. Finite element simulation can better simulate the impact of dent parameters on equivalent plastic strain distribution and other characteristics, which is helpful to determine the dangerous location of the dented pipe body and better study the failure behavior of the steel pipe. .
Based on this, finite element was used to analyze the equivalent plastic strain distribution of steel pipes containing simple dents under different internal pressures and external loads, and the XTDIC three-dimensional full-field strain measurement system was used to collect the dented areas of pipeline steel pipes in real time. By verifying the model results, the simple dented steel pipes were analyzed. The equivalent plastic strain distribution law of the steel pipe under the dent is discussed, and the strain hardening law of the pipeline steel is discussed.
Prefabricated pipe depression model diagram
XTDIC three-dimensional full-field strain measurement system is used to measure the strain field in the depressed area on the inner surface of the steel pipe in real time, and obtain the strain cloud diagram of the pipe body under different depression depths.
pipe depression depth on strain distribution under working internal pressure conditions
Strain cloud diagrams under different pipeline depression depths under 6 MPa working internal pressure
Strain distribution curve under different pipeline depression depths under 6 MPa working internal pressure
Effect of internal pressure on strain distribution in concave state
Simulated strain results diagram under different pipeline depression depths without internal pressure
Strain distribution curve of different pipeline depression depths with and without internal pressure
Strain hardening analysis during denting
In order to study the real-time strain changes during the pipeline denting process, the XTDIC three-dimensional full-field strain measurement system was used to collect the strain during the pipeline denting process. The study found that when the dent depth is 1% OD, the maximum strain appears in the center of the dent, and with the dent depth increases, the maximum strain in the depression zone appears at the edge of the depression, and the results are the same as the simulation results.
Strain cloud diagrams of different pipe dent depths
Strain distribution curves under different pipeline depression depths simulated and measured without internal pressure
Schematic diagram of strain hardening of pipeline steel in dented state
Strain analysis of pipeline steel under external corrosion and compound depression state
Due to the influence of acidic substances and microorganisms in the transportation medium and soil, oil and gas transmission pipelines will corrode the inner and outer walls of the pipeline, causing the overall or partial thinning of the pipe wall and weakening the pressure-bearing capacity of the pipeline. Once depression occurs at a volume defect, a composite defect of corrosion and depression will be formed, which will greatly increase the failure probability of the pipeline.
By prefabricating defects in the pipe body of pipeline steel pipes, the XTDIC three-dimensional full-field strain measurement system is used to measure the strain field distribution patterns of pipeline steel pipes containing composite defects of external corrosion and dents, aiming to provide corresponding reference for pipeline safety assessment, thereby Guide the safe operation and maintenance of pipelines.
Real-time strain measurement results in the dent area
from the figure below , the increase in strain is linearly related to the increase in dent depth, but the increase in strain in corrosion dents is smaller than that in simple dents; when the dent depth ≥ 5%, as the dent depth continues to increase, the strain in corrosion dents The growth rate increased rapidly. It can be seen that when the dent depth is ≥5%, corrosion defects can cause the stress concentration of the pipe body to increase sharply.
Relationship between dent depth and strain
Analysis of strain response characteristics of pipeline steel in welded area
the strain response characteristics and mechanical properties changes of pre-deformation ( 1% , 3% and 5% ) of pipeline steel in the weld-containing area, and use the XTDIC system to measure the real-time response of the strain in the pipeline steel base metal area and weld area during the stretching process situation, in order to simulate the micro-strain caused by plastic deformation of pipeline steel in the service environment, and the influence of strain hardening caused by this micro-strain in the weld area on the integrity of the pipe, in order to supercharge high-throughput pipeline steel Provide a basis for process safety evaluation.
analysis of weld and base metal regions during prestraining process
During the deformation process, metal materials will produce strain hardening, which is the ability to prevent continued plastic deformation. The figure below shows the strain cloud diagram of pipeline steel in the welded area under tensile stress. The strain process of the pipeline steel in the welded area under tensile stress can be divided into four typical stages, namely the uniform deformation stage, the welding stage. deformation stage in the seam area, deformation stage in the base metal necking area and fracture stage.
DIC strain cloud diagram of pipeline steel in the weld area
The strain produced by metal materials in the uniform plastic deformation stage (stages I and II) of the stress-strain curve can form effective strain hardening of the material.
Hardening degree diagram of each area under different pre-deformation amounts
Effect of prestrain on tensile properties
The yield and tensile strengths of materials that undergo predeformation are increased, the yield-to-strength ratio is increased, and the ductility (total elongation or strain at maximum load or failure point) is decreased.
- strain curve under different predeformation amounts
When no pre-deformation occurs, pipeline steel has a high strain hardening index, fracture strength and fracture ductility. When plastic deformation occurs, the weld area will prevent the plastic deformation from continuing to develop and push the deformation to other undeformed parts.
The XTDIC three-dimensional full-field strain measurement system is based on the principle of Digital Image Correlation (DIC). It is an optical non-contact deformation measurement system. It is suitable for analyzing the stress and strain characteristics of natural gas pipelines under load conditions and verifying the stress and strain characteristics of natural gas pipelines during construction and service. The finite element simulation of local deformation, dents and other defects caused by pressurization provides a theoretical basis and experimental data basis for the safety evaluation of natural gas pipelines under high-flux conditions .
The above results and data are reproduced from the research results of relevant universities using XTDIC for stress and strain. If there is any infringement, please contact the editor.
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