因为:
e ix = 1 + i x - x 2/2! - i x 3/3! + x 4/4! + i x 5/5! + …
= (1 - x 2/2! + x 4/4! + …) + i (x - x 3/3! + x 5/5! + …)
又因为:
cos x = 1 - x 2/2! + x 4/4! + …
sin x = x - x 3/3! + x 5/5! + …
所以
e ix = cos x + i sin x
e ix = 1 + i x - x 2/2! - i x 3/3! + x 4/4! + i x 5/5! + …
= (1 - x 2/2! + x 4/4! + …) + i (x - x 3/3! + x 5/5! + …)
又因为:
cos x = 1 - x 2/2! + x 4/4! + …
sin x = x - x 3/3! + x 5/5! + …
所以
e ix = cos x + i sin x