第四十一章 2D游戏（2）

下面可以继续制作彩色砖块。
砖块是一个游戏对象：持有一些状态数据，举例：位置，大小，速率。持有一些属性：颜色，旋转，是否可被摧毁，2D图片。
每个物体都表示成GameObject类中的一部分。
其头文件如下：

#ifndef GAMEOBJECT_H
#define GAMEOBJECT_H

#include <GL/glew.h>
#include <glm/glm.hpp>

#include "texture.h"
#include "sprite_renderer.h"


// Container object for holding all state relevant for a single
// game object entity. Each object in the game likely needs the
// minimal of state as described within GameObject.
class GameObject
{
public:
    // Object state
    glm::vec2   Position, Size, Velocity;
    glm::vec3   Color;
    GLfloat     Rotation;
    GLboolean   IsSolid;
    GLboolean   Destroyed;
    // Render state
    Texture2D   Sprite;	
    // Constructor(s)
    GameObject();
    GameObject(glm::vec2 pos, glm::vec2 size, Texture2D sprite, glm::vec3 color = glm::vec3(1.0f), glm::vec2 velocity = glm::vec2(0.0f, 0.0f));
    // Draw sprite
    virtual void Draw(SpriteRenderer &renderer);
};

#endif

代码文件如下：

#include "game_object.h"


GameObject::GameObject() 
    : Position(0, 0), Size(1, 1), Velocity(0.0f), Color(1.0f), Rotation(0.0f), Sprite(), IsSolid(false), Destroyed(false) { }

GameObject::GameObject(glm::vec2 pos, glm::vec2 size, Texture2D sprite, glm::vec3 color, glm::vec2 velocity) 
    : Position(pos), Size(size), Velocity(velocity), Color(color), Rotation(0.0f), Sprite(sprite), IsSolid(false), Destroyed(false) { }

void GameObject::Draw(SpriteRenderer &renderer)
{
    renderer.DrawSprite(this->Sprite, this->Position, this->Size, this->Rotation, this->Color);
}

每个砖块都是GameObject，将它们组成一个集合为：GameLevel类

#ifndef GAMELEVEL_H
#define GAMELEVEL_H
#include <vector>

#include <GL/glew.h>
#include <glm/glm.hpp>

#include "game_object.h"
#include "sprite_renderer.h"
#include "resource_manager.h"


/// GameLevel holds all Tiles as part of a Breakout level and 
/// hosts functionality to Load/render levels from the harddisk.
class GameLevel
{
public:
    // Level state
    std::vector<GameObject> Bricks;
    // Constructor
    GameLevel() { }
    // Loads level from file
    void      Load(const GLchar *file, GLuint levelWidth, GLuint levelHeight);
    // Render level
    void      Draw(SpriteRenderer &renderer);
    // Check if the level is completed (all non-solid tiles are destroyed)
    GLboolean IsCompleted();
private:
    // Initialize level from tile data
    void      init(std::vector<std::vector<GLuint>> tileData, GLuint levelWidth, GLuint levelHeight);
};

#endif

因为关卡数据从外部文件加载，需要明确关卡的数据结构，可能在文本文件中的表示形式如下：

1 1 1 1 1 1 
2 2 0 0 2 2
3 3 4 4 3 3

0————空白
1————不可被摧毁
2及2以上————不同颜色，可被摧毁
GameLevel类使用所有数字在Load函数中加载到二维容器中，让init函数中处理这些数字，用于创建所有的游戏对象：

void GameLevel::Load(const GLchar *file, GLuint levelWidth, GLuint levelHeight)
{
    // 清空过期数据
    this->Bricks.clear();
    // 从文件中加载
    GLuint tileCode;
    GameLevel level;
    std::string line;
    std::ifstream fstream(file);
    std::vector<std::vector<GLuint>> tileData;
    if (fstream)
    {
        while (std::getline(fstream, line)) // 读取关卡文件的每一行
        {
            std::istringstream sstream(line);
            std::vector<GLuint> row;
            while (sstream >> tileCode) // 读取被空格分隔的每个数字
                row.push_back(tileCode);
            tileData.push_back(row);
        }
        if (tileData.size() > 0)
            this->init(tileData, levelWidth, levelHeight);
    }
} 

被加载后的数据tileData被传送到GameLevel类的init函数：

void GameLevel::init(std::vector<std::vector<GLuint>> tileData, GLuint lvlWidth, GLuint lvlHeight)
{
    // 计算每个维度的大小
    GLuint height = tileData.size();
    GLuint width = tileData[0].size();
    GLfloat unit_width = lvlWidth / static_cast<GLfloat>(width);
    GLfloat unit_height = lvlHeight / height;
    // 基于tileDataC初始化关卡     
    for (GLuint y = 0; y < height; ++y)
    {
        for (GLuint x = 0; x < width; ++x)
        {
            // 检查砖块类型
            if (tileData[y][x] == 1)
            {
                glm::vec2 pos(unit_width * x, unit_height * y);
                glm::vec2 size(unit_width, unit_height);
                GameObject obj(pos, size, 
                    ResourceManager::GetTexture("block_solid"), 
                    glm::vec3(0.8f, 0.8f, 0.7f)
                );
                obj.IsSolid = GL_TRUE;
                this->Bricks.push_back(obj);
            }
            else if (tileData[y][x] > 1)    
            {
                glm::vec3 color = glm::vec3(1.0f); // 默认为白色
                if (tileData[y][x] == 2)
                    color = glm::vec3(0.2f, 0.6f, 1.0f);
                else if (tileData[y][x] == 3)
                    color = glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.7f, 0.0f);
                else if (tileData[y][x] == 4)
                    color = glm::vec3(0.8f, 0.8f, 0.4f);
                else if (tileData[y][x] == 5)
                    color = glm::vec3(1.0f, 0.5f, 0.0f);

                glm::vec2 pos(unit_width * x, unit_height * y);
                glm::vec2 size(unit_width, unit_height);
                this->Bricks.push_back(
                    GameObject(pos, size, ResourceManager::GetTexture("block"), color)
                );
            }
        }
    }  
}

上述代码，遍历每个被加载的数字，处理后将一个对应的GameObject添加到vector容器中。每个砖块的尺寸根据砖块总数被自动计算，便于每块都适应屏幕边界

再加上Draw的实现，GameLevel类的代码文件如下：

#include "game_level.h"

#include <fstream>
#include <sstream>


void GameLevel::Load(const GLchar *file, GLuint levelWidth, GLuint levelHeight)
{
    // Clear old data
    this->Bricks.clear();
    // Load from file
    GLuint tileCode;
    GameLevel level;
    std::string line;
    std::ifstream fstream(file);
    std::vector<std::vector<GLuint>> tileData;
    if (fstream)
    {
        while (std::getline(fstream, line)) // Read each line from level file
        {
            std::istringstream sstream(line);
            std::vector<GLuint> row;
            while (sstream >> tileCode) // Read each word seperated by spaces
                row.push_back(tileCode);
            tileData.push_back(row);
        }