Unity 窗体透明

文章转自游戏蛮牛：http://www.manew.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=103087&_dsign=ec6d9a3d

偶然在国外网站上看到的一个脚本，通过纯色背景抠像的方法，把windows的窗体透明化，可以用来做无背景的小头像、桌面精灵等。

首先新建一个叫TransparentWindow的CS脚本，输入如下代码：

using System;  
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;  
using UnityEngine;  
   
public class TransparentWindow : MonoBehaviour  
{  
    [SerializeField]  
    private Material m_Material;  
   
    private struct MARGINS  
    {  
        public int cxLeftWidth;  
        public int cxRightWidth;  
        public int cyTopHeight;  
        public int cyBottomHeight;  
    }  
   
    // Define function signatures to import from Windows APIs  
   
    [DllImport("user32.dll")]  
    private static extern IntPtr GetActiveWindow();  
   
    [DllImport("user32.dll")]  
    private static extern int SetWindowLong(IntPtr hWnd, int nIndex, uint dwNewLong);  
   
    [DllImport("Dwmapi.dll")]  
    private static extern uint DwmExtendFrameIntoClientArea(IntPtr hWnd, ref MARGINS margins);  
   
   
    // Definitions of window styles  
    const int GWL_STYLE = -16;  
    const uint WS_POPUP = 0x80000000;  
    const uint WS_VISIBLE = 0x10000000;  
   
    void Start()  
    {  
#if !UNITY_EDITOR  
        var margins = new MARGINS() { cxLeftWidth = -1 };  
   
        // Get a handle to the window  
        var hwnd = GetActiveWindow();  
   
        // Set properties of the window  
        // See: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms633591%28v=vs.85%29.aspx  
        SetWindowLong(hwnd, GWL_STYLE, WS_POPUP | WS_VISIBLE);  
   
        // Extend the window into the client area  
        //See: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa969512%28v=vs.85%29.aspx   
        DwmExtendFrameIntoClientArea(hwnd, ref margins);  
#endif  
    }  
   
    // Pass the output of the camera to the custom material  
    // for chroma replacement  
    void OnRenderImage(RenderTexture from, RenderTexture to)  
    {  
        Graphics.Blit(from, to, m_Material);  
    }  
}  

然后新建一个叫ChromakeyTransparent的Shader：

Shader "Custom/ChromakeyTransparent" {  
    Properties{  
        _MainTex("Base (RGB)", 2D) = "white" {}  
        _TransparentColourKey("Transparent Colour Key", Color) = (0,0,0,1)  
        _TransparencyTolerance("Transparency Tolerance", Float) = 0.01  
    }  
   
    SubShader{  
        Pass{  
            Tags{ "RenderType" = "Opaque" }  
            LOD 200  
   
            CGPROGRAM  
  
            #pragma vertex vert  
            #pragma fragment frag  
            #include "UnityCG.cginc"  
   
            struct a2v  
            {  
                float4 pos : POSITION;  
                float2 uv : TEXCOORD0;  
            };  
   
            struct v2f  
            {  
                float4 pos : SV_POSITION;  
                float2 uv : TEXCOORD0;  
            };  
   
            v2f vert(a2v input)  
            {  
                v2f output;  
                output.pos = UnityObjectToClipPos(input.pos);  
                output.uv = input.uv;  
                return output;  
            }  
   
            sampler2D _MainTex;  
            float3 _TransparentColourKey;  
            float _TransparencyTolerance;  
   
            float4 frag(v2f input) : SV_Target  
            {  
                // What is the colour that *would* be rendered here?  
                float4 colour = tex2D(_MainTex, input.uv);  
   
                // Calculate the different in each component from the chosen transparency colour  
                float deltaR = abs(colour.r - _TransparentColourKey.r);  
                float deltaG = abs(colour.g - _TransparentColourKey.g);  
                float deltaB = abs(colour.b - _TransparentColourKey.b);  
   
                // If colour is within tolerance, write a transparent pixel  
                if (deltaR < _TransparencyTolerance && deltaG < _TransparencyTolerance && deltaB < _TransparencyTolerance)  
                {  
                    return float4(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);  
                }  
   
                // Otherwise, return the regular colour  
                return colour;  
            }  
            ENDCG  
        }  
    }  
}  

新建一个材质，选择我们刚刚写好的Shader，将TransparentWindow挂载到摄像机上，摄像机的Clear Flags选择Solid Color，Background选择和材质的Transparent Color Key相同的颜色（建议选择与模型边缘颜色相近的颜色，不然会出现较明显的毛边），将材质拖拽给TransparentWindow的Material变量。

运行之后可以看到背景颜色已经被扣掉（黑色其实是透明）：

Build一下之后我们就可以看到类似桌面精灵的一个程序了：