3D物体

本文基于“第一个OpenGL程序”，将绘制一个绕Y族旋转的金字塔，一个绕XYZ族旋转的立方体。绘制多边形时，都按照逆时针进行绘制，今后的课程将进行解释。

wglwidget.h

#ifndef WGLWIDGET_H #define WGLWIDGET_H #include <QtGui/QWidget> #include <QtOpenGL/QtOpenGL> #include "ui_wglwidget.h" class WGLWidget : public QGLWidget , public Ui::WGLWidgetClass { Q_OBJECT public: WGLWidget(QWidget *parent = 0, const QGLWidget* shareEidget = 0,Qt::WFlags flags = 0); ~WGLWidget(); protected: virtual void initializeGL(); virtual void resizeGL(int w, int h); virtual void paintGL(); virtual void mouseDoubleClickEvent(QMouseEvent *event); virtual void closeEvent(QCloseEvent *event); virtual void timerEvent(QTimerEvent *event); private: float m_fTri; ///< 金字塔旋转角度 float m_fCube; ///< 立方体旋转角度 }; #endif // WGLWIDGET_H

 

wglwidget.cpp

#include "wglwidget.h" #include <math.h> const GLfloat PI = 3.1415926536f; WGLWidget::WGLWidget(QWidget *parent /* = 0 */, const QGLWidget* shareEidget /* = 0 */,Qt::WFlags flags /* = 0 */) : QGLWidget(parent, shareEidget, flags) , m_fTri(0.0) , m_fCube(0.0) { setupUi(this); setMinimumSize(320,240); resize(640,480); setWindowTitle(tr("3D空间")); // 启用定时器 startTimer(10); } WGLWidget::~WGLWidget() { } void WGLWidget::initializeGL() { glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH); glClearColor(0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0); glClearDepth(1.0); glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); glDepthFunc(GL_LEQUAL); glHint(GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT,GL_NICEST); } void WGLWidget::resizeGL(int w, int h) { // 视口 glViewport(0,0,(GLint)width(),(GLint)height()); // 投影变换 glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); gluPerspective(45.0,(GLfloat)width() / (GLfloat)height(),0.1,100.0); // 视图模型变换 glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); glLoadIdentity(); } void WGLWidget::paintGL() { glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); glPushMatrix(); glTranslatef(0.0,0.0,-6.0); // 所有面都按照逆时针方向绘制 // 绘制圆锥 glPushMatrix(); // 左移个单位 glTranslatef(-1.5,0.0,0.0); // 饶Y族旋转 glRotatef(m_fTri,0.0,1.0,0.0); // 开始绘制 glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES); // 前面 glColor3f(1.0,0.0,0.0); // 上顶点，红色 glVertex3f(0.0,1.0,0.0); glColor3f(0.0,1.0,0.0); // 左顶点，绿色 glVertex3f(-1.0,-1.0,1.0); glColor3f(0.0,0.0,1.0); // 右顶点，蓝色 glVertex3f(1.0,-1.0,1.0); // 右侧面 glColor3f(1.0,0.0,0.0); // 上顶点，红色 glVertex3f(0.0,1.0,0.0); glColor3f(0.0,0.0,1.0); // 右顶点，蓝色 glVertex3f(1.0,-1.0,1.0); glColor3f(0.0,0.0,1.0); // 里顶点，蓝色 glVertex3f(0.0,-1.0,-1.0); // 左侧面 glColor3f(1.0,0.0,0.0); // 上顶点，红色 glVertex3f(0.0,1.0,0.0); glColor3f(0.0,0.0,1.0); // 里顶点，蓝色 glVertex3f(0.0,-1.0,-1.0); glColor3f(0.0,1.0,0.0); // 左顶点，绿色 glVertex3f(-1.0,-1.0,1.0); // 底面 glColor3f(0.0,0.0,1.0); // 里顶点，蓝色 glVertex3f(0.0,-1.0,-1.0); glColor3f(0.0,1.0,0.0); // 左顶点，绿色 glVertex3f(-1.0,-1.0,1.0); glColor3f(0.0,0.0,1.0); // 右顶点，蓝色 glVertex3f(1.0,-1.0,1.0); glEnd(); glPopMatrix(); // 绘制立方体 glPushMatrix(); // 右移.5个单位 glTranslatef(1.5,0.0,0.0); // 饶XYZ族旋转立方体 glRotatef(m_fCube,1.0,1.0,1.0); // 开始绘制 glBegin(GL_QUADS); //顶面 glColor3f(0.0,1.0,0.0); // 颜色改为蓝色 glVertex3f(-1.0,1.0,-1.0); glVertex3f(-1.0,1.0,1.0); glVertex3f(1.0,1.0,1.0); glVertex3f(1.0,1.0,-1.0); // 底面 glColor3f(1.0f,0.5f,0.0f); // 颜色改成橙色 glVertex3f(-1.0,-1.0,-1.0); glVertex3f(-1.0,-1.0,1.0); glVertex3f(1.0,-1.0,1.0); glVertex3f(1.0,-1.0,-1.0); // 左面 glColor3f(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f); // 颜色改成红色 glVertex3f(-1.0,1.0,-1.0); glVertex3f(-1.0,1.0,1.0); glVertex3f(-1.0,-1.0,1.0); glVertex3f(-1.0,-1.0,-1.0); // 前面 glColor3f(1.0f,1.0f,0.0f); // 颜色改成黄色 glVertex3f(-1.0,1.0,1.0); glVertex3f(-1.0,-1.0,1.0); glVertex3f(1.0,-1.0,1.0); glVertex3f(1.0,1.0,1.0); // 右面 glColor3f(0.0f,0.0f,1.0f); // 颜色改成蓝色 glVertex3f(1.0,1.0,-1.0); glVertex3f(1.0,1.0,1.0); glVertex3f(1.0,-1.0,1.0); glVertex3f(1.0,-1.0,-1.0); // 里面 glColor3f(1.0f,0.0f,1.0f); // 颜色改成紫罗兰色 glVertex3f(-1.0,1.0,-1.0); glVertex3f(-1.0,-1.0,-1.0); glVertex3f(1.0,-1.0,-1.0); glVertex3f(1.0,1.0,-1.0); glEnd(); glPopMatrix(); glPopMatrix(); } void WGLWidget::mouseDoubleClickEvent(QMouseEvent *event) { if(windowState() & Qt::WindowFullScreen) showNormal(); else showFullScreen(); } void WGLWidget::timerEvent(QTimerEvent *event) { m_fTri += 1.0; m_fCube -= 0.5; update(); } void WGLWidget::closeEvent(QCloseEvent *event) { QMessageBox box; box.setWindowTitle(tr("退出")); box.setIcon(QMessageBox::Warning); box.setText(tr("确定要关闭OpenGL窗口吗？")); box.setStandardButtons(QMessageBox::Yes | QMessageBox::No); if(QMessageBox::No == box.exec()) { event->ignore(); return; } QWidget::closeEvent(event); }

 

从绘制立方体的代码可以看出，有许多顶点是重复的；调用的函数也相同。OpenGL提供了顶点数组。利用顶点数组可以减少函数的使用数量和数据传输数量。程序做如下修改：

void WGLWidget::initializeGL() { glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH); glClearColor(0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0); glClearDepth(1.0); glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); glDepthFunc(GL_LEQUAL); glHint(GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT,GL_NICEST); // 立方体顶点坐标 static GLfloat vertexPoint[][3] = { -1.0,1.0,1.0, -1.0,-1.0,1.0, 1.0,-1.0,1.0, 1.0,1.0,1.0, -1.0,1.0,-1.0, -1.0,-1.0,-1.0, 1.0,-1.0,-1.0, 1.0,1.0,-1.0 }; // 启用顶点数组 glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); // 指定顶点数组数据 glVertexPointer(3,GL_FLOAT,0,vertexPoint); } void WGLWidget::paintGL() { glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); glPushMatrix(); glTranslatef(0.0,0.0,-6.0); // 所有面都按照逆时针方向绘制 // 绘制圆锥 glPushMatrix(); // 左移个单位 glTranslatef(-1.5,0.0,0.0); // 饶Y族旋转 glRotatef(m_fTri,0.0,1.0,0.0); // 开始绘制 glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES); // 前面 glColor3f(1.0,0.0,0.0); // 上顶点，红色 glVertex3f(0.0,1.0,0.0); glColor3f(0.0,1.0,0.0); // 左顶点，绿色 glVertex3f(-1.0,-1.0,1.0); glColor3f(0.0,0.0,1.0); // 右顶点，蓝色 glVertex3f(1.0,-1.0,1.0); // 右侧面 glColor3f(1.0,0.0,0.0); // 上顶点，红色 glVertex3f(0.0,1.0,0.0); glColor3f(0.0,0.0,1.0); // 右顶点，蓝色 glVertex3f(1.0,-1.0,1.0); glColor3f(0.0,0.0,1.0); // 里顶点，蓝色 glVertex3f(0.0,-1.0,-1.0); // 左侧面 glColor3f(1.0,0.0,0.0); // 上顶点，红色 glVertex3f(0.0,1.0,0.0); glColor3f(0.0,0.0,1.0); // 里顶点，蓝色 glVertex3f(0.0,-1.0,-1.0); glColor3f(0.0,1.0,0.0); // 左顶点，绿色 glVertex3f(-1.0,-1.0,1.0); // 底面 glColor3f(0.0,0.0,1.0); // 里顶点，蓝色 glVertex3f(0.0,-1.0,-1.0); glColor3f(0.0,1.0,0.0); // 左顶点，绿色 glVertex3f(-1.0,-1.0,1.0); glColor3f(0.0,0.0,1.0); // 右顶点，蓝色 glVertex3f(1.0,-1.0,1.0); glEnd(); glPopMatrix(); // 绘制立方体 glPushMatrix(); // 右移.5个单位 glTranslatef(1.5,0.0,0.0); // 饶XYZ族旋转立方体 glRotatef(m_fCube,1.0,1.0,1.0); // 开始绘制 static GLubyte frontIndices[] = {0,1,2,3}; static GLubyte rightIndices[] = {3,2,6,7}; static GLubyte backIndices[] = {7,6,5,4}; static GLubyte leftIndices[] = {4,5,1,0}; static GLubyte topIndices[] = {4,0,3,7}; static GLubyte botIndices[] = {5,6,2,1}; glColor3f(1.0f,1.0f,0.0f); // 颜色改成黄色 glDrawElements(GL_QUADS,4,GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,frontIndices); glColor3f(0.0,1.0,0.0); // 颜色改为蓝色 glDrawElements(GL_QUADS,4,GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,rightIndices); glColor3f(1.0f,0.5f,0.0f); // 颜色改成橙色 glDrawElements(GL_QUADS,4,GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,backIndices); glColor3f(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f); // 颜色改成红色 glDrawElements(GL_QUADS,4,GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,leftIndices); glColor3f(0.0f,0.0f,1.0f); // 颜色改成蓝色 glDrawElements(GL_QUADS,4,GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,topIndices); glColor3f(1.0f,0.0f,1.0f); // 颜色改成紫罗兰色 glDrawElements(GL_QUADS,4,GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,botIndices); glPopMatrix(); glPopMatrix(); }

程序运行效果如图：

 

图1.1 程序运行效果