雾化

原理

$po{s}_w=po{s}_c+linerdepth\ast interpolatedRay$
世界空间坐标就等于相机的世界坐标加上线性深度乘以相机到点的射线

射线的求法

透视投影相机

上面的$TL,TR,BL,BR$分别为左上，右上，左下，右下，
$halfHeight=Near\times \tan (FOV/2)$
$toTop=camera.up\times halfHeight$
$toRight=camera.right\times halfHeight$
其中Near是近裁剪平面的距离，FOV是竖直方向视角范围，
$TL=camera.forword\cdot Near+toTop-toRight$

C#代码

using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;

public class FogWithDepthTexture : PostEffectsBase {

	public Shader fogShader;
	private Material fogMaterial = null;

	public Material material {  
		get {
			fogMaterial = CheckShaderAndCreateMaterial(fogShader, fogMaterial);
			return fogMaterial;
		}  
	}

	private Camera myCamera;
	public Camera camera {
		get {
			if (myCamera == null) {
				myCamera = GetComponent<Camera>();
			}
			return myCamera;
		}
	}

	private Transform myCameraTransform;
	public Transform cameraTransform {
		get {
			if (myCameraTransform == null) {
				myCameraTransform = camera.transform;
			}

			return myCameraTransform;
		}
	}

	[Range(0.0f, 3.0f)]
	public float fogDensity = 1.0f;

	public Color fogColor = Color.white;

	public float fogStart = 0.0f;
	public float fogEnd = 2.0f;

	void OnEnable() {
		camera.depthTextureMode |= DepthTextureMode.Depth;
	}
	
	void OnRenderImage (RenderTexture src, RenderTexture dest) {
		if (material != null) {
			Matrix4x4 frustumCorners = Matrix4x4.identity;

			float fov = camera.fieldOfView;
			float near = camera.nearClipPlane;
			float aspect = camera.aspect;

			float halfHeight = near * Mathf.Tan(fov * 0.5f * Mathf.Deg2Rad);
			Vector3 toRight = cameraTransform.right * halfHeight * aspect;
			Vector3 toTop = cameraTransform.up * halfHeight;

			Vector3 topLeft = cameraTransform.forward * near + toTop - toRight;
			float scale = topLeft.magnitude / near;

			topLeft.Normalize();
			topLeft *= scale;

			Vector3 topRight = cameraTransform.forward * near + toRight + toTop;
			topRight.Normalize();
			topRight *= scale;

			Vector3 bottomLeft = cameraTransform.forward * near - toTop - toRight;
			bottomLeft.Normalize();
			bottomLeft *= scale;

			Vector3 bottomRight = cameraTransform.forward * near + toRight - toTop;
			bottomRight.Normalize();
			bottomRight *= scale;

			frustumCorners.SetRow(0, bottomLeft);
			frustumCorners.SetRow(1, bottomRight);
			frustumCorners.SetRow(2, topRight);
			frustumCorners.SetRow(3, topLeft);

			material.SetMatrix("_FrustumCornersRay", frustumCorners);
			
			//雾化的参数
			material.SetFloat("_FogDensity", fogDensity);
			material.SetColor("_FogColor", fogColor);
			material.SetFloat("_FogStart", fogStart);
			material.SetFloat("_FogEnd", fogEnd);

			Graphics.Blit (src, dest, material);
		} else {
			Graphics.Blit(src, dest);
		}
	}
}

shader代码

// Upgrade NOTE: replaced 'mul(UNITY_MATRIX_MVP,*)' with 'UnityObjectToClipPos(*)'

Shader "Unity Shaders Book/Chapter 13/Fog With Depth Texture" {
	Properties {
		_MainTex ("Base (RGB)", 2D) = "white" {}
		_FogDensity ("Fog Density", Float) = 1.0
		_FogColor ("Fog Color", Color) = (1, 1, 1, 1)
		_FogStart ("Fog Start", Float) = 0.0
		_FogEnd ("Fog End", Float) = 1.0
	}
	SubShader {
		CGINCLUDE
		
		#include "UnityCG.cginc"
		
		float4x4 _FrustumCornersRay;
		
		sampler2D _MainTex;
		half4 _MainTex_TexelSize;
		sampler2D _CameraDepthTexture;
		half _FogDensity;
		fixed4 _FogColor;
		float _FogStart;
		float _FogEnd;
		
		struct v2f {
			float4 pos : SV_POSITION;
			half2 uv : TEXCOORD0;
			half2 uv_depth : TEXCOORD1;
			float4 interpolatedRay : TEXCOORD2;
		};
		
		v2f vert(appdata_img v) {
			v2f o;
			o.pos = UnityObjectToClipPos(v.vertex);
			
			o.uv = v.texcoord;
			o.uv_depth = v.texcoord;
			
			#if UNITY_UV_STARTS_AT_TOP
			if (_MainTex_TexelSize.y < 0)
				o.uv_depth.y = 1 - o.uv_depth.y;
			#endif
			
			int index = 0;
			if (v.texcoord.x < 0.5 && v.texcoord.y < 0.5) {
				index = 0;
			} else if (v.texcoord.x > 0.5 && v.texcoord.y < 0.5) {
				index = 1;
			} else if (v.texcoord.x > 0.5 && v.texcoord.y > 0.5) {
				index = 2;
			} else {
				index = 3;
			}

			#if UNITY_UV_STARTS_AT_TOP
			if (_MainTex_TexelSize.y < 0)
				index = 3 - index;
			#endif
			
			o.interpolatedRay = _FrustumCornersRay[index];
				 	 
			return o;
		}
		
		fixed4 frag(v2f i) : SV_Target {
			float linearDepth = LinearEyeDepth(SAMPLE_DEPTH_TEXTURE(_CameraDepthTexture, i.uv_depth));
			float3 worldPos = _WorldSpaceCameraPos + linearDepth * i.interpolatedRay.xyz;
						
			float fogDensity = (_FogEnd - worldPos.y) / (_FogEnd - _FogStart); 
			fogDensity = saturate(fogDensity * _FogDensity);
			
			fixed4 finalColor = tex2D(_MainTex, i.uv);
			finalColor.rgb = lerp(finalColor.rgb, _FogColor.rgb, fogDensity);
			
			return finalColor;
		}
		
		ENDCG
		
		Pass {
			ZTest Always Cull Off ZWrite Off
			     	
			CGPROGRAM  
			
			#pragma vertex vert  
			#pragma fragment frag  
			  
			ENDCG  
		}
	} 
	FallBack Off
}