#include <stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#define N 10 /*待编码字符的个数,即树中叶结点的最大个数*/
#define M 2*N-1 /*树中总的结点数目*/
typedef struct
{
unsigned int weight;
unsigned int parent,lchild,rchild;
}HTNode; /*树中结点的结构*/
typedef struct
{
char data; /*待编码的字符*/
int weight; /*字符的权值 */
char code[N]; /*字符的编码 */
} HTCode;
void Init(HTCode hc[],int *n)
{
/*初始化,读入待编码字符的个数n,从键盘输入n个字符和n个权值*/
int i;
printf("\n按照要求输入相关的数据,注意输入完数据后,要按回车键!\n");
printf("\n输入要编码的字符个数n:");
scanf("%d",&(*n));
printf("\n请输入%d个字符",*n);
getchar();
for (i=1;i<=*n;i++)
{
printf("请输入%d第个字符:\n",i);
scanf("%c",&hc[i].data);
getchar();
//hc[i].data=getch();
}
printf("\ninput %d weight\n",*n);
for (i=1;i<=*n;i++)
{
printf("请输入%d第个权值:\n",i);
scanf("%d",&hc[i].weight);
getchar();
//scanf("%d",&(hc[i].weight));
}
}
void Select(HTNode ht[],int k,int *s1,int *s2)
{
/*ht[1…k]中选择parent为0,并且weight最小的两个结点其序号由指针变量s1,s2指向*/
int i;
for (i=1;i<=k && ht[i].parent!=0 ;i++);
*s1=i;
for (i=1;i<=k;i++)
if (ht[i].parent==0 && ht[i].weight<ht[*s1].weight) *s1=i;
for (i=1; i<=k ; i++)
if (ht[i].parent==0 && i!=*s1) break;
*s2=i;
for (i=1;i<=k;i++)
if ( ht[i].parent==0 && i!=*s1 && ht[i].weight<ht[*s2].weight) *s2=i;
}
void HuffmanCoding(HTNode ht[],HTCode hc[],int n)
{
/*构造Huffman树ht,并求出n个字符的编码*/
char cd[N];
int i,m,c,f,s1,s2,start;
m=2*n-1;
for (i=1;i<=m;i++)
{
if (i<=n) ht[i].weight=hc[i].weight;
else ht[i].weight=0;
ht[i].parent=ht[i].lchild=ht[i].rchild=0;
}
for (i=n+1;i<=m;i++)
{
Select(ht,i-1,&s1,&s2);
ht[s1].parent=i;
ht[s2].parent=i;
ht[i].lchild=s1;
ht[i].rchild=s2;
ht[i].weight=ht[s1].weight+ht[s2].weight;
}
cd[n-1]='\0';
for (i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
start=n-1;
for (c=i,f=ht[i].parent;f;c=f,f=ht[f].parent)
if ((char)(ht[f].lchild)==c) cd[--start]='0';
else cd[--start]='1';
strcpy(hc[i].code,&cd[start]);
}
}
int main()
{
int k,n;
HTNode ht[M+1];
HTCode hc[N+1];
Init(hc,&n); /*初始化*/
HuffmanCoding(ht,hc,n);/*构造Huffman树,并形成字符的编码*/
for (k=1;k<=n;k++)printf("\n%c --- %s",hc[k].data,hc[k].code);/*输出字符的编码*/
printf("\n");
return 0;
}
数据结构源码笔记(C语言描述)汇总: