USART串口通讯
typedef struct
{
uint32_t USART_BaudRate; #串口的波特率通常为115200
uint16_t USART_WordLength; #配置串口传输的字长 USART_WordLength_8b
uint16_t USART_StopBits; #配置停止位 USART_StopBits_1,通常将停止位设置为1
uint16_t USART_Parity; #配置奇偶校验位
uint16_t USART_Mode; #配置串口模式
uint16_t USART_HardwareFlowControl; #配置硬件流控制
} USART_InitTypeDef;
参数的常见配置值:
uint16_t USART_WordLength配置值:
#define USART_WordLength_8b ((uint16_t)0x0000)
#define USART_WordLength_9b ((uint16_t)0x1000)
uint16_t USART_StopBits配置值:
#define USART_StopBits_1 ((uint16_t)0x0000)
#define USART_StopBits_0_5 ((uint16_t)0x1000)
#define USART_StopBits_2 ((uint16_t)0x2000)
#define USART_StopBits_1_5 ((uint16_t)0x3000)
uint16_t USART_Parity配置值:
#define USART_Parity_No ((uint16_t)0x0000)
#define USART_Parity_Even ((uint16_t)0x0400)
#define USART_Parity_Odd ((uint16_t)0x0600)
uint16_t USART_Mode配置值:
#define USART_Mode_Rx ((uint16_t)0x0004)
#define USART_Mode_Tx ((uint16_t)0x0008)
同时配置时使用USART_Mode_Rx | USART_Mode_Tx
uint16_t USART_HardwareFlowControl配置值:
#define USART_HardwareFlowControl_None ((uint16_t)0x0000)
#define USART_HardwareFlowControl_RTS ((uint16_t)0x0100)
#define USART_HardwareFlowControl_CTS ((uint16_t)0x0200)
#define USART_HardwareFlowControl_RTS_CTS ((uint16_t)0x0300)
固件库函数常用
void USART_SendData(USART_TypeDef* USARTx, uint16_t Data)
{
/* Check the parameters */
assert_param(IS_USART_ALL_PERIPH(USARTx));
assert_param(IS_USART_DATA(Data));
/* Transmit Data */
USARTx->DR = (Data & (uint16_t)0x01FF);
}
/**
* @brief Returns the most recent received data by the USARTx peripheral.
* @param USARTx: Select the USART or the UART peripheral.
* This parameter can be one of the following values:
* USART1, USART2, USART3, UART4 or UART5.
* @retval The received data.
*/
uint16_t USART_ReceiveData(USART_TypeDef* USARTx)
{
/* Check the parameters */
assert_param(IS_USART_ALL_PERIPH(USARTx));
/* Receive Data */
return (uint16_t)(USARTx->DR & (uint16_t)0x01FF);
}
标志状态为获取函数:
FlagStatus USART_GetFlagStatus(USART_TypeDef* USARTx, uint16_t USART_FLAG)
{
FlagStatus bitstatus = RESET;
/* Check the parameters */
assert_param(IS_USART_ALL_PERIPH(USARTx));
assert_param(IS_USART_FLAG(USART_FLAG));
/* The CTS flag is not available for UART4 and UART5 */
if (USART_FLAG == USART_FLAG_CTS)
{
assert_param(IS_USART_123_PERIPH(USARTx));
}
if ((USARTx->SR & USART_FLAG) != (uint16_t)RESET)
{
bitstatus = SET;
}
else
{
bitstatus = RESET;
}
return bitstatus;
}
中断状态位获取函数
ITStatus USART_GetITStatus(USART_TypeDef* USARTx, uint16_t USART_IT)
{
uint32_t bitpos = 0x00, itmask = 0x00, usartreg = 0x00;
ITStatus bitstatus = RESET;
/* Check the parameters */
assert_param(IS_USART_ALL_PERIPH(USARTx));
assert_param(IS_USART_GET_IT(USART_IT));
/* The CTS interrupt is not available for UART4 and UART5 */
if (USART_IT == USART_IT_CTS)
{
assert_param(IS_USART_123_PERIPH(USARTx));
}
/* Get the USART register index */
usartreg = (((uint8_t)USART_IT) >> 0x05);
/* Get the interrupt position */
itmask = USART_IT & IT_Mask;
itmask = (uint32_t)0x01 << itmask;
if (usartreg == 0x01) /* The IT is in CR1 register */
{
itmask &= USARTx->CR1;
}
else if (usartreg == 0x02) /* The IT is in CR2 register */
{
itmask &= USARTx->CR2;
}
else /* The IT is in CR3 register */
{
itmask &= USARTx->CR3;
}
bitpos = USART_IT >> 0x08;
bitpos = (uint32_t)0x01 << bitpos;
bitpos &= USARTx->SR;
if ((itmask != (uint16_t)RESET)&&(bitpos != (uint16_t)RESET))
{
bitstatus = SET;
}
else
{
bitstatus = RESET;
}
return bitstatus;
}
串口通信编程要点:
- 初始化串口需要用到的GPIO
- 初始化串口,USART_InitTypeDef
- 中断配置(接收中断,中断优先级)
- 使能串口
- 编写发送和接收函数
- 编写中断服务函数
// 串口1-USART1
#define DEBUG_USARTx USART1
#define DEBUG_USART_CLK RCC_APB2Periph_USART1
#define DEBUG_USART_APBxClkCmd RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd
#define DEBUG_USART_BAUDRATE 115200
串口2345挂载在APB1总线上
// USART GPIO 引脚宏定义
#define DEBUG_USART_GPIO_CLK (RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA)
#define DEBUG_USART_GPIO_APBxClkCmd RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd
#define DEBUG_USART_TX_GPIO_PORT GPIOA
#define DEBUG_USART_TX_GPIO_PIN GPIO_Pin_9
#define DEBUG_USART_RX_GPIO_PORT GPIOA
#define DEBUG_USART_RX_GPIO_PIN GPIO_Pin_10
#define DEBUG_USART_IRQ USART1_IRQn
#define DEBUG_USART_IRQHandler USART1_IRQHandler
void USART_Config(void)
{
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
USART_InitTypeDef USART_InitStructure;
// 打开串口GPIO的时钟
DEBUG_USART_GPIO_APBxClkCmd(DEBUG_USART_GPIO_CLK, ENABLE);
// 打开串口外设的时钟
DEBUG_USART_APBxClkCmd(DEBUG_USART_CLK, ENABLE);
// 将USART Tx的GPIO配置为推挽复用模式
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = DEBUG_USART_TX_GPIO_PIN;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
GPIO_Init(DEBUG_USART_TX_GPIO_PORT, &GPIO_InitStructure);
// 将USART Rx的GPIO配置为浮空输入模式(读取的电平是不确定的,外部信号是 什么电平,引脚就输入什么电平,芯片复位上电后,默认为浮空输入模式)
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = DEBUG_USART_RX_GPIO_PIN;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IN_FLOATING;
GPIO_Init(DEBUG_USART_RX_GPIO_PORT, &GPIO_InitStructure);
// 配置串口的工作参数
// 配置波特率
USART_InitStructure.USART_BaudRate = DEBUG_USART_BAUDRATE;
// 配置 针数据字长
USART_InitStructure.USART_WordLength = USART_WordLength_8b;
// 配置停止位
USART_InitStructure.USART_StopBits = USART_StopBits_1;
// 配置校验位
USART_InitStructure.USART_Parity = USART_Parity_No ;
// 配置硬件流控制
USART_InitStructure.USART_HardwareFlowControl =
USART_HardwareFlowControl_None;
// 配置工作模式,收发一起
USART_InitStructure.USART_Mode = USART_Mode_Rx | USART_Mode_Tx;
// 完成串口的初始化配置
USART_Init(DEBUG_USARTx, &USART_InitStructure);
// 串口中断优先级配置
NVIC_Configuration();
// 使能串口接收中断
USART_ITConfig(DEBUG_USARTx, USART_IT_RXNE, ENABLE);
// 使能串口(总开关)
USART_Cmd(DEBUG_USARTx, ENABLE);
}