map的用法

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include <map>
#include <string>

template<typename T> void PrintContainer( T container )
{
	T::iterator iter = container.begin();
	for( ; iter != container.end() ; ++iter)
	{
		cout<<iter->first<<" , "<<iter->second<<endl;
	}
	cout<<endl;
}

void main()
{
	//创建一个新的map，其中不含任何元素
	map<int,string> map1;			// int 类型的key  ， string类型的value
	map1[0] = "Yao";
	map1[2] = "Shun";
	map1[1] = "Yu";
	PrintContainer(map1);

	//以op为准则生成一个空的map
	map<int,string,greater<int>> map2;	// less<key>:以key为准则升序
	map2[0] = "Tom";								// greater<key>:以key为准则降序
	map2[3] = "Jerry";
	map2[2] = "Rose";
	map2[1] = "Jacky";
	map2[5] = "Lily";
	map2[4] = "lucy";
	map2[6] = "David";
	PrintContainer(map2);

	//根据一个已有的map产生一个新的map
	map<int,string>map3(map1);	//排序准则不同的两种map容器，
	PrintContainer(map3);				//不能互相产生新的对象

	//由[beg，end)区间内的元素生成一个新的map
	map<int,string,greater<int>> map4(++(map2.begin()),--(map2.end()));
	PrintContainer(map4);

	map的析构函数
	//map1.~map();
	//map2.~map();	
	//map3.~map();	
	//map4.~map();

	cout<<"map1中元素个数为："<<map1.size()<<endl;
	cout<<"map2中元素个数为："<<map2.size()<<endl;
	cout<<"map3中元素个数为："<<map3.size()<<endl;
	cout<<"map4中元素个数为："<<map4.size()<<endl;

	//====map的find函数:在容器中根据key寻找某个元素====
	int key = 8;
	map<int,string,greater<int>>::iterator iter = map4.find(key);
	if(iter != map4.end() )
		cout<<"找到的数据为："<<iter->first<<" , "<<iter->second<<endl;
	else
		cout<<"不存在key为"<<key<<"的元素"<<endl;

	//====在容器中根据value寻找某个元素====
	string value = "Jerryr";
	bool bIsFind = false;
	map<int,string,greater<int>>::iterator serach = map4.begin();
	for( ; serach!= map4.end() ; ++serach)
	{
		if( value == serach->second )
		{
			bIsFind = true;
			cout<<value<<"所对应的key为："<<serach->first<<endl;
		}
	}
	if(!bIsFind)
		cout<<"容器中没有value为"<<value<<"的元素"<<endl;

	//====count( n )函数返回容器中key为n的元素个数====
	int n = 2 ;
	cout<<"map4中key为"<<n<<"的元素的个数为："<<map4.count(n)<<endl;


	//============lower_bound(key)函数============
	cout<<"========lower_bound(key)函数========"<<endl;
	map<int,string,greater<int>>::iterator index;
	index = map4.lower_bound(3);	//返回键值>=3的第一个元素的迭代器
	cout<<index->first<<" , "<<index->second<<endl;

	//============upper_bound(key)函数============
	cout<<"========upper_bound(key)函数========"<<endl;
	map<int,string,greater<int>>::iterator big;
	big = map4.upper_bound(3);	//返回键值>3的第一个元素的迭代器
	cout<<big->first<<" , "<<big->second<<endl;


	//========map的insert(element)函数===========
	cout<<"========map的insert(element)函数==========="<<endl;
	map4.insert( map<int,string,greater<int>>::value_type(0,"John"));
	map4.insert( pair<int,string>(6,"Mogen") );
	map4.insert( make_pair(7,"Sniper") );

	PrintContainer(map4);

	//=====清空map1内的数据
	map1.clear();
	cout<<"map1中元素个数为："<<map1.size()<<endl;

	system("pause");
}