使用fstream,ifstream,ofstream读写文件的一种情形

当我们要完成文件的读写操作功能时，可以使用fopen, fread, fwrite读写文件。也可以使用ifstream读文件，用ofstream写文件，或者直接用fstream读写文件。
下面考虑一种情形，当用户接收到一个题目的时候，用户根据题号（假设每一道题目都对应唯一的题号），读取本地的exam.txt文件，分别读取每一行的内容，并判断是否与接收的题号相同。如果有相同的题号，则可以得到此题目的答案；如果没有，则将此题目和用户做的答案记录在exam.txt文件的最后一行。

[exam.txt]
3 A
15 D
11 C
2 E
6  F
12 C
...

注意：
(1) if( file ) is only right for ifstream and ofstream but not for fstream, and fstream should use if( file.fail() )
(2) sscanf(szBuffer,"%2d",&num);// read the first two character from szBuffer and convert it to %d format, then save it into num variable
(3) infile.clear();// to clear file stream buffer
(4) fstream file("exam.txt",ios::in|ios::out|ios::app);// note, append mode
(5) file.seekg(ios::end);// set input stream position to _Pos
随机读写文件
通过移动文件读写指针，可在文件指定位置进行读写。
输入流操作：
　　seekg(绝对位置);// 绝对移动，　　　　
　　seekg(相对位置,参照位置); // 相对操作
　　tellg();// 返回当前指针位置
输出流操作：
　　seekp(绝对位置);// 绝对移动，　　　　
　　seekp(相对位置,参照位置);// 相对操作　　　
　　tellp();// 返回当前指针位置
参照位置：
　　ios::beg = 0// 相当于文件头
　　ios::cur = 1 // 相当于当前位置
　　ios::end = 2// 相当于文件尾

[1] 分别使用ifstream读文件和ofstream写文件
/* 2010-5-16 wcdj */ #include <cstdio> #include <vector> #include <string> #include <fstream> using namespace std; #define UNAMEMAXLEN 12 #define QMAXLEN 128 typedef struct packet { int id; char szUserName[UNAMEMAXLEN]; char szQuestion[QMAXLEN]; char cAnswer; }PACKET; int main() { int num_r; PACKET rPacket; strcpy(rPacket.szQuestion,"13 What's your name? A Jack B Micheal C wcdj"); rPacket.cAnswer='C'; // assuming the number of question is 13 int num_f;// the number of question in exam.txt sscanf(rPacket.szQuestion,"%2d",&num_r);// save 13 into num_r // read the current contents of exam.txt into the vector vector<string> svec; string strLine; ifstream infile("exam.txt",ios::in);// note, append mode if (!infile) { fprintf(stderr,"cannot open exam.txt !/n"); return 1; } /* while (infile) { infile>>strWord;// get a word svec.push_back(strLine); } */ while(getline(infile,strLine) )// get a line { svec.push_back(strLine); } // traverse vector vector<string>::const_iterator it=svec.begin(); for (;it!=svec.end();++it) { sscanf(it->c_str(),"%2d",&num_f); if (num_r==num_f)// have this answer { printf("This question has been there/n"); break;// stop traverse } } infile.close(); infile.clear(); fstream outfile("exam.txt",ios::out|ios::app);// append mode if (it==svec.end())// not find the same answer, write num_r and answer into file { printf("There is no this question, so the question number and answer will be written to the end of file/n"); outfile<<"/n"<<rPacket.szQuestion[0]<<rPacket.szQuestion[1]<<" ";// num_r outfile<<rPacket.cAnswer;// answer } // note outfile.close(); return 0; }

[2] 只使用fstream完成读写文件

/* 2010-5-16 wcdj */ #include <cstdio> #include <vector> #include <string> #include <fstream> using namespace std; #define UNAMEMAXLEN 12 #define QMAXLEN 128 typedef struct packet { int id; char szUserName[UNAMEMAXLEN]; char szQuestion[QMAXLEN]; char cAnswer; }PACKET; int main() { int num_r; PACKET rPacket; strcpy(rPacket.szQuestion,"13 What's your name? A Jack B Micheal C wcdj"); rPacket.cAnswer='C'; // assuming the number of question is 13 int num_f;// the number of question in exam.txt sscanf(rPacket.szQuestion,"%2d",&num_r);// save 13 into num_r // read the current contents of exam.txt into the vector vector<string> svec; string strLine; fstream file("exam.txt",ios::in|ios::out|ios::app);// note, append mode if (file.fail())// note, if(file) is only right for ifstream and ofstream but not for fstream { fprintf(stderr,"cannot open exam.txt !/n"); return 1; } /* while (file) { file>>strWord;// get a word svec.push_back(strLine); } */ while(getline(file,strLine) )// get a line { svec.push_back(strLine); } // traverse vector vector<string>::const_iterator it=svec.begin(); for (;it!=svec.end();++it) { sscanf(it->c_str(),"%2d",&num_f); if (num_r==num_f)// have this answer { printf("This question has been there/n"); break;// stop traverse } } if (it==svec.end())// not find the same answer, write num_r and answer into file { printf("There is no this question, so the question number and answer will be written to the end of file/n"); // note file.seekg(ios::end);// set input stream position to _Pos file.clear();// clear file stream buffer file<<"/n"<<rPacket.szQuestion[0]<<rPacket.szQuestion[1]<<" ";// num_r file<<rPacket.cAnswer;// answer } // note file.close(); return 0; }