我是娜姐 @迪娜学姐 ，一个SCI医学期刊编辑，探索用AI工具提效论文写作和发表。
摘要是一篇论文的浓缩和精华展示。审稿阶段，编辑、审稿人会通过摘要来初步判断你这篇论文的价值，论文发表后读者也会通过摘要来判断是否要读全文。
摘要是除了标题以外，你的论文展示率最高的地方。
但是，很多同学反馈，论文全文写完了，最后在摘要部分卡住了。绞尽脑汁写出来的摘要，让人读来感觉这文章没有一点创新性。导师也不满意，说摘要写的一点也不吸引人，没有让人继续了解你的研究的欲望。
论文摘要到底该怎么写？
摘要要在2-300字以内阐述你的研究目的、研究结果和意义，一般组成是：
1 背景介绍：2-3句话，从一个大的背景，过渡到你所研究主题的小背景；2 研究目的：即research gap，为什么要进行该项研究；
3 用到了哪些方法？
4 得到了哪些结果？
5 最终结论是什么：一句话概括。表明你的研究为什么重要。
很多同学的摘要写的不好，主要有以下几个问题：
1研究结果部分泛泛而谈
先来看个案例：
原文：Conversely, pharmacological activation of those antitumor immune responses exerted combinatory effects and synergized in antitumor capacity against **.
改后：Conversely, pharmacological activation of those antitumor immune responses by exogenous cytokines, including type I IFN, TNF-α and IL-2, exerted combinatory effects and synergized in antumor capacity against ** replication.
研究结果介绍部分，“这些抗肿瘤免疫反应的药理学激活发挥了组合效应，协同对抗肿瘤增殖”实际上，这个抗肿瘤免疫反应是通过加入三个外源性细胞因子来激活的，并且实验是通过检测单个或两两组合的cytokines来检测抗肿瘤效果。所以，要精确写出你的研究结果。
切忌说一些大而空的正确结果。比如，“运动有助于维持血糖稳定。”这是大家都知道的，那么通过你的研究，得出每天半小时慢跑，高血糖患者的血糖值下降多少？这样的精确结论才是有意义的。
1.2 结果部分没有新意
还有很多同学结果倒是写具体了，但是全是用confirm/ support/ consistent with，请问你如何说服审稿人，你的论文有发表价值？一定要突出你的研究相比前人，更进一步或者不同的地方在哪里。
2 逻辑不连贯
这也是新手容易犯的错误。摘要部分短小精悍，这250字以内，要包含背景介绍/研究目的/研究结果和意义这四部分，这中间的起承转合做好了，读起来才能顺畅。
逻辑不连贯，可能是很多原因造成的。比如前后句之间缺乏过渡：
原文：Y is a mosquito‐borne pathogen and, in recent years, it has caused several outbreaks in animals. A reverse genetic system of Y is needed in order to produce genetically modified viruses for the study of its replication and pathogenic mechanism. Here, we…
改后：Y is a mosquito‐-borne pathogen and, in recent years, it has caused several outbreaks in animals. The molecular basis for Y pathogenicity is not well understood. Therefore, a reverse genetic system of Y is needed in order to produce genetically modified pathogen for the study of Y replication and its pathogenic mechanism. Here, we… （点明research gap）
这个句子是在摘要的背景介绍部分。是说“Y是一种蚊媒传播的病原体，近些年在动物中有爆发。我们需要针对Y的反向遗传学系统来得到遗传改造的Y用于。。。”那么，这两个句子之间缺乏一个过渡，点明research gap。加上这句“The molecular basis for Y pathogenicity is not well understood. Therefore,”“Y致病的分子基础还不清楚，因此，我们需要针对Y的反向遗传学系统来得到遗传改造的病毒用于研究病毒复制和致病机制。”
案例2（过渡不自然）：
原文：The Y genome contains a conserved middle region and two flexible ends that code for five multigene families (MFs), with the biological functions of the MFs are not fully characterized. To elaborate the biological function of MF544 and its role in regulating cellular signaling pathways, MF544-deficient mutant Δ544 was constructed…
改后：The Y genome contains a conserved middle region and two flexible ends that code for five multigene families (MFs), while the biological functions of the MFs are not fully characterized. Here, MF544-deficient mutant Δ544 was constructed …
这个例子划线部分，前后有点重复啰嗦。前一句说“MFs的生物学功能还不完全清楚。”后一句“为了阐明MF544的生物学功能和它在调控细胞信号通路中的作用…”那么，我们直接改成了“但是MFs的生物学功能还不完全清楚。这里，我们构建了一个MF544缺陷突变体。。。”就更简洁流畅了。
案例3，连接词使用不当：
However, the role of host proteins and its related signaling pathways in XX is largely unclear. Therefore, In this study, we performed a quantitative phosphoproteomics screening on XX-infected porcine kidney (PK-15) epithelial cells.
However表转折，引出research gap。下一句隐含的意思就是“因此”我们做了什么。这里的Therefore就显得多余了，直接跟“In this study”引出本文的工作。
3 详略不得当
摘要限定在150-300字之间。当是寸字寸金，需要交代的背景不能遗漏，但是也不要有一句废话。
某篇文章主要介绍一种新的疾病的检测方法，只是病例样本是来自浙江义乌，摘要部分花了三四句来介绍义乌的地理位置和历年发病情况（作者可能是想突出这个样本的反常）。这部分可以删去。摘要的目的是为了让读者在最短的时间内了解忙你的工作，一句不相关的话都不要有。不论是背景知识还是实验结果，都要紧扣主题，不要发散。这些可以在Introduction部分展开。
还有一些主谓语不一致的语法问题，时态前后不连贯的问题，也是英语非母语人士容易犯的错误。现在有了ChatGPT，都不是事了。
最后附上摘要部分常用的例句模版：
背景介绍：
Over the past decade, most research in X has emphasized the use of …
In recent years, there has been an increasing amount of literature on …
Early examples of research into X include … (Smith, 1962; Jones, 1974).
During the past 30 years, much more information has become available on …
The first serious discussions and analyses of X emerged during the 1970s with …
Over the past two decades, major advances in molecular biology have allowed …
研究目的（research gap）：
To date, little evidence has been found associating X with Y.
Up to now, the research has tended to focus on X rather than on Y.
So far, three factors have been identified as being potentially important: X, Y, and Z.
Since 1965, these four economies have doubled their share of world production and trade.
Until recently, there has been little interest in X.
Recently, these questions have been addressed by researchers in many fields.
In recent years, researchers have investigated a variety of approaches to X but …
More recently, literature has emerged that offers contradictory findings about …
方法学：
The present study utilises X to analyse …
The current study adopts a case study approach.
A qualitative methodology is employed in this study.
This study uses/utilizes/employs the X technique to …/archival research to …/an X methodology to …/the conceptual tools of …/a quasi-experimental design to …/a descriptive research design to …/an ethnographic approach including …/a multi-method approach combining …/a qualitative research approach in which …/a randomised, double-blind trial involving …
结果介绍：
Further analysis showed that …
A two-way ANOVA revealed that …
Strong evidence of X was found when …
This result is significant at the p = 0.05 level.
A positive correlation was found between X and Y.
There was a significant positive correlation between …
The difference between the X and Y groups was significant.
There was a significant difference in X, t(11) = 2.906, p<0.01
There was a significant difference between the two conditions …
结论：
The results of this study indicate that …
These findings suggest that …
The findings of this study suggest that …
Taken together, these results suggest that …
The findings of this research provide insights for …
Overall, these findings suggest a role for X in promoting Y.
---
如果觉得有用，欢迎在看、转发和点赞，一键三连！娜姐继续输出有用的AI辅助科研写作、绘图相关技巧和知识。
扫一扫
2584
被折叠的 条评论
为什么被折叠?
到【灌水乐园】发言
