对称加密算法的使用
这里使用的是C#的加密算法库System.Security.Cryptography
。
下面先看一下核心代码示例,这里用的是AES算法;再下面的例子用的是Rijndael算法。其余算法与AES/Rijndael的用法步骤相同,便不做记录。
核心步骤代码
byte[] key = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(KEY);
byte[] iv = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(IV);
Aes aes = Aes.Create();
MemoryStream memoryStream = new MemoryStream();
ICryptoTransform crypto = aes.CreateEncryptor(key, iv);
CryptoStream cryptoStream = new CryptoStream(memoryStream, crypto, CryptoStreamMode.Write);
cryptoStream.Write(bytes, 0, bytes.Length);
cryptoStream.FlushFinalBlock();
cryptoStream.Close();
memoryStream.Close();
Aes
为加密算法类,可以根据需要改为DES或者TripleDES算法等算法类,在System.Security.Cryptography
中都有。MemoryStream
位于System.IO
命名空间,为系统内存提供流式的读写操作。常作为其他流数据交换时的中间对象操作。- 所有的算法类都有
CreateEncryptor
和CreateDecryptor
两个方法,一个用于解密,另一个用于加密。他们分别有两个重载函数,一个可以不用添加参数,使用计算机产生的密钥;另一个是上面例子中的添加两个字节数组作为参数,一个为自建密钥Key
,另一个为初始化向量IV
,当然可以使用算法中的字段设置这两个值,关于这两个值的作用,请参考链接:https://blog.csdn.net/f_957995490/article/details/108299292。 CryptoStream
定义将数据流链接到加密转换的流。相关链接:https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/dotnet/api/system.security.cryptography.cryptostream?view=netcore-3.1cryptoStream.FlushFinalBlock();
用缓冲区的当前状态更新基础数据源或存储库,随后清除缓冲区。- 解密之后的字节数组可以通过
Convert.ToBase64String(bytes);
Base64编码方式进行解析,大部分加解密需要一起使用。
具体的使用方法
加密和解密本地文档使用的是Rijndael
对称算法。对称算法在数据流通过时对它进行加密。
- 因此首先需要建立一个正常的流(例如I/O流)。使用
FileStream
类将文本文件读入字节数组,也使用该类作为输出机制。 - 接下来定义相应的对象变量。在定义
SymmetricAlgorithm
抽象类的对象变量时我们可以指定任何一种对称加密算法提供程序。代码使用的是Rijndael
算法,但是很容易改为DES或者TripleDES算法。.NET使用强大的随机密钥设置了提供程序的实例,选择自己的密钥是比较危险的,接受计算机产生的密钥是一个更好的选择,文中的代码使用的是计算机产生的密钥。算法实例提供了一个对象来执行实际数据传输。每种算法都有CreateEncryptor
和CreateDecryptor
两个方法,它们返回实现ICryptoTransform
接口的对象。 - 最后,现在使用
BinaryReader
的ReadBytes
方法读取源文件,它会返回一个字节数组。BinaryReader
读取源文件的输入流,在作为CryptoStream.Write
方法的参数时调用ReadBytes
方法。指定的CryptoStream
实例被告知它应该操作的下层流,该对象将执行数据传递,无论流的目的是读或者写。
string file;
string tempfile = Path.GetTempFileName();
//打开指定的文件
FileStream fsIn = File.Open(file, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);
FileStream fsOut = File.Open(tempfile, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Write);
//定义对称算法对象实例和接口SymmetricAlgorithm所有的对称算法类都是从这个基类继承而来的
SymmetricAlgorithm symm = new RijndaelManaged();
ICryptoTransform transform = symm.CreateEncryptor();
CryptoStream cstream = new CryptoStream(fsOut, transform, CryptoStreamMode.Write);
BinaryReader br = new BinaryReader(fsIn);
// 读取源文件到cryptostream
cstream.Write(br.ReadBytes((int)fsIn.Length), 0, (int)fsIn.Length);
cstream.FlushFinalBlock();
cstream.Close();
fsIn.Close();
fsOut.Close();
Console.WriteLine("created encrypted file {0}", tempfile);
Console.WriteLine("will now decrypt and show contents");
上面是一个加密的过程,也可以反向操作,来进行解密。下面的代码是一个简单的解密过程:
FileStream afsIn = File.Open(tempfile, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);
transform = symm.CreateDecryptor();
cstream = new CryptoStream(fsIn, transform, CryptoStreamMode.Read);
StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(cstream);
Console.WriteLine("decrypted file text: " + sr.ReadToEnd());
fsIn.Close();
还可以如下示例代码所示:
public static string MyEncrypt(string data)
{
byte[] bs = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(data);
RijndaelManaged aes256 = new RijndaelManaged
{
Key = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("12345678901234567890123456789012"),
Mode = CipherMode.ECB,
Padding = PaddingMode.PKCS7
};
return Convert.ToBase64String(aes256.CreateEncryptor().TransformFinalBlock(bs, 0, bs.Length));
}
public static string MyDecrypt(string data)
{
byte[] bs = Convert.FromBase64String(data);
RijndaelManaged aes256 = new RijndaelManaged
{
Key = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("12345678901234567890123456789012"),
Mode = CipherMode.ECB,
Padding = PaddingMode.PKCS7
};
return Encoding.UTF8.GetString(aes256.CreateDecryptor().TransformFinalBlock(bs, 0, bs.Length));
}
加密解密AssetBundle数据
示例代码如下:
private static string KEY = "123456_abcdeABCD";
private static string IV = "123456_abcdeABCD";
/// <summary>
/// AES加密
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
private IEnumerator AES_EncryptionAB()
{
byte[] bytes = null;
UnityWebRequest request = new UnityWebRequest("file:///" + Application.dataPath + "/../BuildAssetBundle\\Window\\myab");
yield return request.SendWebRequest();
if (request.isDone && request.error == null)
bytes = request.downloadHandler.data;
//WWW www = new WWW("file:///" + Application.dataPath + "/../BuildAssetBundle\\Window\\myab");
//yield return www;
//if (www.isDone && www.error == null)
//byte[] bytes = www.bytes;
byte[] key = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(KEY);
byte[] iv = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(IV);
Aes aes = Aes.Create();
MemoryStream memoryStream = new MemoryStream();
ICryptoTransform crypto = aes.CreateEncryptor(key, iv);
CryptoStream cryptoStream = new CryptoStream(memoryStream, crypto, CryptoStreamMode.Write);
cryptoStream.Write(bytes, 0, bytes.Length);
cryptoStream.FlushFinalBlock();
File.WriteAllBytes(Application.dataPath + "/../BuildAssetBundle\\Window\\myab_AES_Encryption.assetbundle", memoryStream.ToArray());
}
/// <summary>
/// AES解密
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
private IEnumerator AES_DncryptionAB()
{
byte[] bytes = null;
UnityWebRequest request = new UnityWebRequest("file:///" + Application.dataPath + "/../BuildAssetBundle\\Window\\myab_AES_Encryption.assetbundle");
yield return request.SendWebRequest();
if (request.isDone && request.error == null)
bytes = request.downloadHandler.data;
//WWW www = new WWW("file:///" + Application.dataPath + "/../BuildAssetBundle\\Window\\myab_AES_Encryption.assetbundle");
//yield return www;
//if (www.isDone && www.error == null)
// bytes = www.bytes;
byte[] key = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(KEY);
byte[] iv = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(IV);
Aes aes = Aes.Create();
MemoryStream memoryStream = new MemoryStream();
CryptoStream cryptoStream = new CryptoStream(memoryStream, aes.CreateDecryptor(key, iv), CryptoStreamMode.Write);
cryptoStream.Write(bytes, 0, bytes.Length);
cryptoStream.FlushFinalBlock();
AssetBundle ab = AssetBundle.LoadFromMemory(memoryStream.ToArray());
GameObject go = ab.LoadAsset("Sphere") as GameObject;
Instantiate(go, Vector3.zero, Quaternion.identity);
ab.Unload(false);
}
加密解密网络数据
如果我有一个只想自己看到的文档,我不会简单的通过e-mail发送给你。我将使用对称算法加密它;如果有人截取了它,他们也不能阅读该文档,因为他们没有用于加密的唯一密钥。但是你也没有密钥。我需要使用某种方式将密钥给你,这样你才能解密文档,但是不能冒密钥和文档被截取的风险。
非对称算法就是一种解决方案。这类算法使用的两个密钥有如下关系:使用公共密钥加密的信息只能被相应的私有密钥解密。因此,我首要求你给我发送你的公共密钥。在发送给我的途中可能有人会截取它,但是没有关系,因为他们只能使用该密钥给你的信息加密。我使用你的公共密钥加密文档并发送给你。你使用私有密钥解密该文档,这是唯一可以解密的密钥,并且没有通过网络传递。
不对称算法比对称算法计算的花费多、速度慢。因此我们不希望在线对话中使用不对称算法加密所有信息。相反,我们使用对称算法。下面的例子中我们使用不对称加密来加密对称密钥。接着就使用对称算法加密了。实际上安全接口层(SSL)建立服务器和浏览器之间的安全对话使用的就是这种工作方式。
示例是一个TCP程序,分为服务器端和客户端。
- 服务器端的工作流程是:
- 从客户端接收公共密钥。
- 使用公共密钥加密未来使用的对称密钥。
- 将加密了的对称密钥发送给客户端。
- 给客户端发送使用该对称密钥加密的信息。
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Text;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary;
public class CryptoServer
{
private const int RSA_KEY_SIZE_BITS = 1024;
private const int RSA_KEY_SIZE_BYTES = 252;
private const int TDES_KEY_SIZE_BITS = 192;
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
int port;
string msg;
TcpListener listener;
TcpClient client;
SymmetricAlgorithm symm;
RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa;
//获取端口
try
{
port = Int32.Parse(args[0]);
msg = args[1];
}
catch
{
Console.WriteLine("USAGE");
return;
}
//建立监听
try
{
listener = new TcpListener(port);
listener.Start();
Console.WriteLine("Listening on port {0}...", port);
client = listener.AcceptTcpClient();
Console.WriteLine("connection....");
}
catch (Exception e)
{
Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
Console.WriteLine(e.StackTrace);
return;
}
try
{
rsa = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();
rsa.KeySize = RSA_KEY_SIZE_BITS;
// 获取客户端公共密钥
rsa.ImportParameters(getClientPublicKey(client));
symm = new TripleDESCryptoServiceProvider();
symm.KeySize = TDES_KEY_SIZE_BITS;
//使用客户端的公共密钥加密对称密钥并发送给客。
encryptAndSendSymmetricKey(client, rsa, symm);
//使用对称密钥加密信息并发送
encryptAndSendSecretMessage(client, symm, msg);
}
catch (Exception e)
{
Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
Console.WriteLine(e.StackTrace);
}
finally
{
try
{
client.Close();
listener.Stop();
}
catch
{
//错误
}
Console.WriteLine("Server exiting...");
}
}
private static RSAParameters GetClientPublicKey(TcpClient client)
{
// 从字节流获取串行化的公共密钥,通过串并转换写入类的实例
byte[] buffer = new byte[RSA_KEY_SIZE_BYTES];
NetworkStream ns = client.GetStream();
MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream();
BinaryFormatter bf = new BinaryFormatter();
RSAParameters result;
int len = 0;
int totalLen = 0;
while ((len = ns.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length)) > 0)
{
totalLen += len;
ms.Write(buffer, 0, len);
}
ms.Position = 0;
result = (RSAParameters)bf.Deserialize(ms);
ms.Close();
return result;
}
private static void EncryptAndSendSymmetricKey(TcpClient client, RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa, SymmetricAlgorithm symm)
{
// 使用客户端的公共密钥加密对称密钥
byte[] symKeyEncrypted;
byte[] symIVEncrypted;
NetworkStream ns = client.GetStream();
symKeyEncrypted = rsa.Encrypt(symm.Key, false);
symIVEncrypted = rsa.Encrypt(symm.IV, false);
ns.Write(symKeyEncrypted, 0, symKeyEncrypted.Length);
ns.Write(symIVEncrypted, 0, symIVEncrypted.Length);
}
private static void EncryptAndSendSecretMessage(TcpClient client, SymmetricAlgorithm symm, string secretMsg)
{
// 使用对称密钥和初始化矢量加密信息并发送给客户端
byte[] msgAsBytes;
NetworkStream ns = client.GetStream();
ICryptoTransform transform =
symm.CreateEncryptor(symm.Key, symm.IV);
CryptoStream cstream = new CryptoStream(ns, transform, CryptoStreamMode.Write);
msgAsBytes = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(secretMsg);
cstream.Write(msgAsBytes, 0, msgAsBytes.Length);
cstream.FlushFinalBlock();
}
}
- 客户端的工作流程是:
- 建立和发送公共密钥给服务器。
- 从服务器接收被加密的对称密钥。
- 解密该对称密钥并将它作为私有的不对称密钥。
- 接收并使用不对称密钥解密信息。
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Text;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary;
public class CryptoClient
{
private const int RSA_KEY_SIZE_BITS = 1024;
private const int RSA_KEY_SIZE_BYTES = 252;
private const int TDES_KEY_SIZE_BITS = 192;
private const int TDES_KEY_SIZE_BYTES = 128;
private const int TDES_IV_SIZE_BYTES = 128;
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
int port;
string host;
TcpClient client;
SymmetricAlgorithm symm;
RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa;
if (args.Length != 2)
{
Console.WriteLine("USAGE");
return;
}
try
{
host = args[0];
port = Int32.Parse(args[1]);
}
catch
{
Console.WriteLine("USAGE");
return;
}
try //连接
{
client = new TcpClient();
client.Connect(host, port);
}
catch (Exception e)
{
Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
Console.Write(e.StackTrace);
return;
}
try
{
Console.WriteLine("Connected. Sending public key.");
rsa = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();
rsa.KeySize = RSA_KEY_SIZE_BITS;
sendPublicKey(rsa.ExportParameters(false), client);
symm = new TripleDESCryptoServiceProvider();
symm.KeySize = TDES_KEY_SIZE_BITS;
MemoryStream ms = getRestOfMessage(client);
extractSymmetricKeyInfo(rsa, symm, ms);
showSecretMessage(symm, ms);
}
catch (Exception e)
{
Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
Console.Write(e.StackTrace);
}
finally
{
try
{
client.Close();
}
catch
{ //错误
}
}
}
private static void SendPublicKey(RSAParameters key, TcpClient client)
{
NetworkStream ns = client.GetStream();
BinaryFormatter bf = new BinaryFormatter();
bf.Serialize(ns, key);
}
private static MemoryStream GetRestOfMessage(TcpClient client)
{
//获取加密的对称密钥、初始化矢量、秘密信息。对称密钥用公共RSA密钥
//加密,秘密信息用对称密钥加密
MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream();
NetworkStream ns = client.GetStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len = 0;
// 将NetStream 的数据写入内存流
while ((len = ns.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length)) > 0)
{
ms.Write(buffer, 0, len);
}
ms.Position = 0;
return ms;
}
private static void ExtractSymmetricKeyInfo(RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa, SymmetricAlgorithm symm, MemoryStream msOrig)
{
MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream();
// 获取TDES密钥--它被公共RSA密钥加密,使用私有密钥解密
byte[] buffer = new byte[TDES_KEY_SIZE_BYTES];
msOrig.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
symm.Key = rsa.Decrypt(buffer, false);
// 获取TDES初始化矢量
buffer = new byte[TDES_IV_SIZE_BYTES];
msOrig.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
symm.IV = rsa.Decrypt(buffer, false);
}
private static void ShowSecretMessage(SymmetricAlgorithm symm, MemoryStream msOrig)
{
//内存流中的所有数据都被加密了
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len = msOrig.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream();
ICryptoTransform transform = symm.CreateDecryptor(symm.Key, symm.IV);
CryptoStream cstream = new CryptoStream(ms, transform,
CryptoStreamMode.Write);
cstream.Write(buffer, 0, len);
cstream.FlushFinalBlock();
// 内存流现在是解密信息,是字节的形式,将它转换为字符串
ms.Position = 0;
len = ms.Read(buffer, 0, (int)ms.Length);
ms.Close();
string msg = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(buffer, 0, len);
Console.WriteLine("The host sent me this secret message:");
Console.WriteLine(msg);
}
}
参考链接
- http://www.360doc.com/showweb/0/0/934021526.aspx
- https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_39766005/article/details/103990313
- https://blog.csdn.net/u012632851/article/details/56682193