二阶巴特沃兹滤波器的数字推导

原型

$$H(s)=\frac{{\Omega }_c^2}{s^2+\sqrt{2}\ast \Omega \ast s+{\Omega }_c^2}$$

双线性变换+no warpper

$${\Omega }_c=\frac{{\omega }_c}{T}$$
带入传递函数得到：
$$H(s)=\frac{(\frac{{\omega }_c}{T}{)}^2}{s^2+\sqrt{2}\ast \frac{{\omega }_c}{T}\ast s+(\frac{{\omega }_c}{T}{)}^2}$$
带入双线性变换公式：$$s=\frac{2}{T}\frac{1-z^{-1}}{1+z^{-1}}和{\omega }_c=\frac{2\pi f_c}{f_s}$$
得到
$$H(s)=\frac{(\frac{\frac{2\pi f_c}{f_s}}{T}{)}^2}{(\frac{2}{T}\frac{1-z^{-1}}{1+z^{-1}}{)}^2+\sqrt{2}\ast \frac{(\frac{2\pi f_c}{f_s})}{T}\ast \frac{2}{T}\frac{1-z^{-1}}{1+z^{-1}}+(\frac{\frac{2\pi f_c}{f_s}}{T}{)}^2}$$
化简后得到
$$H(s)=\frac{(\frac{(\frac{\pi f_c}{f_s}{)}^2}{1+\frac{\sqrt{2}\ast \pi \ast f_c}{f_s}+(\frac{\pi \ast f_c}{f_s}{)}^2})(1+2\ast z^{-1}+z^{-2})}{1+\frac{(\frac{\pi f_c}{f_s}{)}^2-2}{1+\frac{\sqrt{2}\ast \pi \ast f_c}{f_s}+(\frac{\pi \ast f_c}{f_s}{)}^2}\ast z^{-1}+\frac{1-\frac{\sqrt{2}\ast \pi \ast f_c}{f_s}+(\frac{\pi \ast f_c}{f_s}{)}^2}{1+\frac{\sqrt{2}\ast \pi \ast f_c}{f_s}+(\frac{\pi \ast f_c}{f_s}{)}^2}\ast z^{-2}}$$

双线性变换+warpper

$${\Omega }_c=\frac{2}{T}\tan \frac{{\omega }_c}{2}$$
带入传递函数得到：
$$H(s)=\frac{(\frac{2}{T}\tan \frac{{\omega }_c}{2}{)}^2}{s^2+\sqrt{2}\ast (\frac{2}{T}\tan \frac{{\omega }_c}{2})\ast s+(\frac{2}{T}\tan \frac{{\omega }_c}{2}{)}^2}$$
带入双线性变换公式：$$s=\frac{2}{T}\frac{1-z^{-1}}{1+z^{-1}}和{\omega }_c=\frac{2\pi f_c}{f_s}$$
得到
$$H(s)=\frac{(\frac{2}{T}\tan \frac{\pi f_c}{f_s}{)}^2}{(\frac{2}{T}\frac{1-z^{-1}}{1+z^{-1}}{)}^2+\sqrt{2}\ast (\frac{2}{T}\tan \frac{\pi f_c}{f_s})\ast \frac{2}{T}\frac{1-z^{-1}}{1+z^{-1}}+(\frac{2}{T}\tan \frac{\pi f_c}{f_s}{)}^2}$$
化简后得到
$$H(s)=\frac{(\frac{(\tan \frac{\pi f_c}{f_s}{)}^2}{1+\sqrt{2}\tan \frac{\pi \ast f_c}{f_s}+(\tan \frac{\pi \ast f_c}{f_s}{)}^2})(1+2\ast z^{-1}+z^{-2})}{1+\frac{2(\tan \frac{\pi f_c}{f_s}{)}^2-2}{1+\sqrt{2}\tan \frac{\pi \ast f_c}{f_s}+(\tan \frac{\pi \ast f_c}{f_s}{)}^2}\ast z^{-1}+\frac{1-\sqrt{2}\tan \frac{\pi \ast f_c}{f_s}+(\tan \frac{\pi \ast f_c}{f_s}{)}^2}{1+\sqrt{2}\tan \frac{\pi \ast f_c}{f_s}+(\tan \frac{\pi \ast f_c}{f_s}{)}^2}\ast z^{-2}}$$

或者

$$H(s)=\frac{1}{s^2+1.414\ast s+1}$$
这个连接\二阶巴特沃斯双极点低通滤波器设计详细总结有个推导，结果应该是一样的，那就这样吧。为了验证这个算法的准确性，从scipy中生成同样采样率、截止频率的参数，发现除了a1都一样（a/b本文推导，aa/bb是二阶巴特沃斯双极点低通滤波器设计详细总结结果，aaa/bbb是scipy的结果），不知道scipy是怎么算的a1。

参考

二阶巴特沃斯双极点低通滤波器设计详细总结
巴特沃斯滤波器详解