osgEarth的Rex引擎原理分析（九十六）RenderingPasses和RenderBindings

目标：（九十五）中的问题177

RenderBindings用于声明rex引擎要渲染哪些种类的图层信息，比如影像、父影像、高程、法线等，只指定绑定类别，对每一个绑定类别都会设置其对应的采样器、偏移矩阵、纹理单元号，在rex的setupRenderBindings中有详细描述。

RenderingPasses用于声明rex实际有哪些图层要渲染，这里的图层中，同一类型的可能有多个，比如多个影像层、多个高层层，想象以下earth文件中配置的image、elevation等，每一个都会对应一个这里的通道RenderingPass，通过会存放实际渲染要用到的纹理、纹理矩阵，纹理会上传到上面RenderBindings中为每类图层分配的gpu显存中，供渲染使用。

RenderBindings属于rex引擎使用的对象，相当于全局对象，告知rex引擎中的其它部分，绑定类别有哪些，是如何设置的。

RenderingPasses属于每个瓦片使用的对象，只是该瓦片在生命周期中会使用，存放瓦片相关的影像、高程数据。

RenderBindings的声明如下：

osgEarthDrivers/engine_rex/RenderBindings
class SamplerBinding
    {
    public:
        enum Usage
        {
            COLOR         = 0,
            COLOR_PARENT  = 1,
            ELEVATION     = 2,
            NORMAL        = 3,
            COVERAGE      = 4,
            SHARED        = 5   // non-core shared layers start at this index
        };

    public:
        SamplerBinding() : _unit(-1) { }

        /** Optional UID of the source (usually a layer) to which this binding applies */
        optional<osgEarth::UID>& sourceUID()             { return _sourceUID; }
        const optional<osgEarth::UID>& sourceUID() const { return _sourceUID; }

        /** Optional usage hint */
        optional<Usage>& usage()             { return _usage; }
        const optional<Usage>& usage() const { return _usage; }

        /** Texture image unit of the sampler */
        int& unit() { return _unit; }
        const int& unit() const { return _unit; }

        /** Uniform name of the sampler */
        std::string& samplerName() { return _samplerName; }
        const std::string& samplerName() const { return _samplerName; }

        /** Uniform name of the sampler matrix */
        std::string& matrixName() { return _matrixName; }
        const std::string& matrixName() const { return _matrixName; }

    public:
        /** True if this binding is bound to a teture image unit and therefore active. */
        bool isActive() const { return _unit >= 0; }

    private:
        optional<UID>   _sourceUID;
        optional<Usage> _usage;
        int             _unit;
        std::string     _samplerName;
        std::string     _matrixName;
    };
typedef AutoArray<SamplerBinding> RenderBindings;

RenderingPasses的声明如下：

osgEarthDrivers/engine_rex/TileRenderModel
/**
     * Samplers (one per RenderBinding) specific to one rendering pass of a tile.
     * Typically this is just the color and color parent samplers.
     */
    struct RenderingPass
    {
    public:
        RenderingPass() :
            _sourceUID(-1),
            _samplers(SamplerBinding::COLOR_PARENT+1),
            _visibleLayer(0L)
            { }
        
        UID sourceUID() const { return _sourceUID; }
        Samplers& samplers() { return _samplers; }
        const Samplers& samplers() const  { return _samplers; }
        const Layer* layer() const { return _layer.get(); }
        const VisibleLayer* visibleLayer() const { return _visibleLayer; }

        void releaseGLObjects(osg::State* state) const
        {
            for (unsigned s = 0; s<_samplers.size(); ++s)
                if (_samplers[s]._texture.valid() && _samplers[s]._matrix.isIdentity())
                    _samplers[s]._texture->releaseGLObjects(state);
        }

        void resizeGLObjectBuffers(unsigned size)
        {
            for (unsigned s =