boost::asio序列11: scheduler

scheduler主要用于实现linux系统下的异步I/O对应的Handler分配，通过epoll_reactor实现调度

class scheduler
  : public execution_context_service_base<scheduler>,
    public thread_context
{
public:
  typedef scheduler_operation operation;

  // Constructor. Specifies the number of concurrent threads that are likely to
  // run the scheduler. If set to 1 certain optimisation are performed.
  BOOST_ASIO_DECL scheduler(boost::asio::execution_context& ctx,
      int concurrency_hint = 0, bool own_thread = true);

  // Destructor.
  BOOST_ASIO_DECL ~scheduler();

  // Destroy all user-defined handler objects owned by the service.
  BOOST_ASIO_DECL void shutdown();

  // Initialise the task, if required.
  BOOST_ASIO_DECL void init_task();

  // Run the event loop until interrupted or no more work.
  BOOST_ASIO_DECL std::size_t run(boost::system::error_code& ec);

  // Run until interrupted or one operation is performed.
  BOOST_ASIO_DECL std::size_t run_one(boost::system::error_code& ec);

  // Run until timeout, interrupted, or one operation is performed.
  BOOST_ASIO_DECL std::size_t wait_one(
      long usec, boost::system::error_code& ec);

  // Poll for operations without blocking.
  BOOST_ASIO_DECL std::size_t poll(boost::system::error_code& ec);

  // Poll for one operation without blocking.
  BOOST_ASIO_DECL std::size_t poll_one(boost::system::error_code& ec);

  // Interrupt the event processing loop.
  BOOST_ASIO_DECL void stop();

  // Determine whether the scheduler is stopped.
  BOOST_ASIO_DECL bool stopped() const;

  // Restart in preparation for a subsequent run invocation.
  BOOST_ASIO_DECL void restart();

  // Notify that some work has started.
  void work_started()
  {
    ++outstanding_work_;
  }

  // Used to compensate for a forthcoming work_finished call. Must be called
  // from within a scheduler-owned thread.
  BOOST_ASIO_DECL void compensating_work_started();

  // Notify that some work has finished.
  void work_finished()
  {
    if (--outstanding_work_ == 0)
      stop();
  }

  // Return whether a handler can be dispatched immediately.
  bool can_dispatch()
  {
    return thread_call_stack::contains(this) != 0;
  }

  // Request invocation of the given operation and return immediately. Assumes
  // that work_started() has not yet been called for the operation.
  BOOST_ASIO_DECL void post_immediate_completion(
      operation* op, bool is_continuation);

  // Request invocation of the given operation and return immediately. Assumes
  // that work_started() was previously called for the operation.
  BOOST_ASIO_DECL void post_deferred_completion(operation* op);

  // Request invocation of the given operations and return immediately. Assumes
  // that work_started() was previously called for each operation.
  BOOST_ASIO_DECL void post_deferred_completions(op_queue<operation>& ops);

  // Enqueue the given operation following a failed attempt to dispatch the
  // operation for immediate invocation.
  BOOST_ASIO_DECL void do_dispatch(operation* op);

  // Process unfinished operations as part of a shutdownoperation. Assumes that
  // work_started() was previously called for the operations.
  BOOST_ASIO_DECL void abandon_operations(op_queue<operation>& ops);

  // Get the concurrency hint that was used to initialise the scheduler.
  int concurrency_hint() const
  {
    return concurrency_hint_;
  }

private:
  // The mutex type used by this scheduler.用户调度器的mutex 
  typedef conditionally_enabled_mutex mutex;

  // The event type used by this scheduler.用于调度器的事件类型
  typedef conditionally_enabled_event event;

  // Structure containing thread-specific data. 包含线程相关的数据
  typedef scheduler_thread_info thread_info;

  // Run at most one operation. May block.
  BOOST_ASIO_DECL std::size_t do_run_one(mutex::scoped_lock& lock,
      thread_info& this_thread, const boost::system::error_code& ec);

  // Run at most one operation with a timeout. May block.
  BOOST_ASIO_DECL std::size_t do_wait_one(mutex::scoped_lock& lock,
      thread_info& t