目录
- B B B组
- 5. ∫ − π 2 π 2 3 e x sin 2 x 1 + e x d x = \displaystyle\int^{\frac{\pi}{2}}_{-\frac{\pi}{2}}\cfrac{3e^x\sin^2x}{1+e^x}\mathrm{d}x= ∫−2π2π1+ex3exsin2xdx=______。
- 9.计算下列积分。
- (2) ∫ 0 + ∞ x e − 3 x ( 1 + e − 3 x ) 2 d x ; \displaystyle\int^{+\infty}_0\cfrac{xe^{-3x}}{(1+e^{-3x})^2}\mathrm{d}x; ∫0+∞(1+e−3x)2xe−3xdx;
- (6) ∫ d x 2 + cos x ; \displaystyle\int\cfrac{\mathrm{d}x}{2+\cos x}; ∫2+cosxdx;
- (8) ∫ d x x + x + 2 ; \displaystyle\int\cfrac{\mathrm{d}x}{x+\sqrt{x+2}}; ∫x+x+2dx;
- (11) ∫ 0 2 [ ( x − 1 ) 3 + 2 x ] 1 − cos 2 n x d x ; \displaystyle\int^2_0[(x-1)^3+2x]\sqrt{1-\cos2nx}\mathrm{d}x; ∫02[(x−1)3+2x]1−cos2nxdx;
- (12) ∫ 0 + ∞ 1 ( x 2 + 1 ) ( 1 + x 5 ) d x ; \displaystyle\int^{+\infty}_0\cfrac{1}{(x^2+1)(1+x^5)}\mathrm{d}x; ∫0+∞(x2+1)(1+x5)1dx;
- (18) ∫ x + sin x 1 + cos x d x . \displaystyle\int\cfrac{x+\sin x}{1+\cos x}\mathrm{d}x. ∫1+cosxx+sinxdx.
- 22.求 I = ∫ 0 ln 2 x e x e x + 1 d x + ∫ ln 2 ln 3 x e x e x − 1 d x I=\displaystyle\int^{\ln2}_0\cfrac{xe^x}{e^x+1}\mathrm{d}x+\displaystyle\int^{\ln3}_{\ln2}\cfrac{xe^x}{e^x-1}\mathrm{d}x I=∫0ln2ex+1xexdx+∫ln2ln3ex−1xexdx。
- C C C组
- 1.设
a
n
=
∫
0
1
x
n
1
−
x
2
d
x
,
b
n
=
∫
0
π
2
sin
n
t
d
t
a_n=\displaystyle\int^1_0x^n\sqrt{1-x^2}\mathrm{d}x,b_n=\displaystyle\int^{\frac{\pi}{2}}_0\sin^nt\mathrm{d}t
an=∫01xn1−x2dx,bn=∫02πsinntdt,则极限
lim
n
→
∞
n
a
n
b
n
=
\lim\limits_{n\to\infty}\cfrac{na_n}{b_n}=
n→∞limbnnan=( )
( A ) 1 ; (A)1; (A)1;
( B ) 0 ; (B)0; (B)0;
( C ) − 1 ; (C)-1; (C)−1;
( D ) ∞ . (D)\infty. (D)∞. - 3.设 a n = 3 2 ∫ 0 n n + 1 x n − 1 1 + x n d x a_n=\cfrac{3}{2}\displaystyle\int^{\frac{n}{n+1}}_0x^{n-1}\sqrt{1+x^n}\mathrm{d}x an=23∫0n+1nxn−11+xndx,则 lim n → ∞ n a n = \lim\limits_{n\to\infty}na_n= n→∞limnan=______。
- 5.设 f ( x ) f(x) f(x)在 x = 0 x=0 x=0处可导,又 g ( x ) = { x + 1 2 , x < 0 , sin x 2 x , x > 0 , g(x)=\begin{cases}x+\cfrac{1}{2},&x<0,\\\cfrac{\sin\cfrac{x}{2}}{x},&x>0,\end{cases} g(x)=⎩⎪⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎪⎧x+21,xsin2x,x<0,x>0,求 I = lim x → 0 x f ( x ) ( 1 + x ) − x + 1 x + g ( x ) ∫ 0 2 x cos t 2 d t x g ( x ) I=\lim\limits_{x\to0}\cfrac{xf(x)(1+x)^{-\frac{x+1}{x}}+g(x)\displaystyle\int^{2x}_0\cos t^2\mathrm{d}t}{xg(x)} I=x→0limxg(x)xf(x)(1+x)−xx+1+g(x)∫02xcost2dt。
- 8.求 I n = ∫ − 1 1 ( x 2 − 1 ) n d x I_n=\displaystyle\int^1_{-1}(x^2-1)^n\mathrm{d}x In=∫−11(x2−1)ndx。
- 9.求 ∫ e − 2 n π 1 ∣ [ cos ( ln 1 x ) ] ′ ∣ ln 1 x d x \displaystyle\int^1_{e^{-2n\pi}}\left|\left[\cos\left(\ln\cfrac{1}{x}\right)\right]'\right|\ln\cfrac{1}{x}\mathrm{d}x ∫e−2nπ1∣∣∣∣∣[cos(lnx1)]′∣∣∣∣∣lnx1dx。
- 13.求反常积分 ∫ 0 1 x b − x a ln x d x ( a , b > 0 ) \displaystyle\int^1_0\cfrac{x^b-x^a}{\ln x}\mathrm{d}x(a,b>0) ∫01lnxxb−xadx(a,b>0)。
- 14.求反常积分 ∫ 0 + ∞ 1 ( 1 + x 2 ) ( 1 + x α ) d x ( α ≠ 0 ) \displaystyle\int^{+\infty}_0\cfrac{1}{(1+x^2)(1+x^\alpha)}\mathrm{d}x(\alpha\ne0) ∫0+∞(1+x2)(1+xα)1dx(α=0)。
- 1.设
a
n
=
∫
0
1
x
n
1
−
x
2
d
x
,
b
n
=
∫
0
π
2
sin
n
t
d
t
a_n=\displaystyle\int^1_0x^n\sqrt{1-x^2}\mathrm{d}x,b_n=\displaystyle\int^{\frac{\pi}{2}}_0\sin^nt\mathrm{d}t
an=∫01xn1−x2dx,bn=∫02πsinntdt,则极限
lim
n
→
∞
n
a
n
b
n
=
\lim\limits_{n\to\infty}\cfrac{na_n}{b_n}=
n→∞limbnnan=( )
- 写在最后
B B B组
5. ∫ − π 2 π 2 3 e x sin 2 x 1 + e x d x = \displaystyle\int^{\frac{\pi}{2}}_{-\frac{\pi}{2}}\cfrac{3e^x\sin^2x}{1+e^x}\mathrm{d}x= ∫−2π2π1+ex3exsin2xdx=______。
解
∫
−
π
2
π
2
3
e
x
sin
2
x
1
+
e
x
d
x
=
x
=
−
t
∫
−
π
2
π
2
3
e
−
t
sin
2
t
1
+
e
−
t
d
t
=
3
∫
−
π
2
π
2
sin
2
t
1
+
e
t
d
t
=
3
2
∫
−
π
2
π
2
sin
2
t
d
t
=
3
⋅
1
2
⋅
π
2
=
3
π
4
.
\begin{aligned} \displaystyle\int^{\frac{\pi}{2}}_{-\frac{\pi}{2}}\cfrac{3e^x\sin^2x}{1+e^x}\mathrm{d}x&\xlongequal{x=-t}\displaystyle\int^{\frac{\pi}{2}}_{-\frac{\pi}{2}}\cfrac{3e^{-t}\sin^2t}{1+e^{-t}}\mathrm{d}t=3\displaystyle\int^{\frac{\pi}{2}}_{-\frac{\pi}{2}}\cfrac{\sin^2t}{1+e^{t}}\mathrm{d}t\\ &=\cfrac{3}{2}\displaystyle\int^{\frac{\pi}{2}}_{-\frac{\pi}{2}}\sin^2t\mathrm{d}t=3\cdot\cfrac{1}{2}\cdot\cfrac{\pi}{2}=\cfrac{3\pi}{4}. \end{aligned}
∫−2π2π1+ex3exsin2xdxx=−t∫−2π2π1+e−t3e−tsin2tdt=3∫−2π2π1+etsin2tdt=23∫−2π2πsin2tdt=3⋅21⋅2π=43π.
(这道题主要利用了换元积分法求解)
9.计算下列积分。
(2) ∫ 0 + ∞ x e − 3 x ( 1 + e − 3 x ) 2 d x ; \displaystyle\int^{+\infty}_0\cfrac{xe^{-3x}}{(1+e^{-3x})^2}\mathrm{d}x; ∫0+∞(1+e−3x)2xe−3xdx;
解
∫
0
+
∞
x
e
−
3
x
(
1
+
e
−
3
x
)
2
d
x
=
∫
0
+
∞
x
e
3
x
(
1
+
e
3
x
)
2
d
x
=
−
1
3
∫
0
+
∞
x
d
(
1
1
+
e
3
x
)
=
−
x
e
3
x
1
+
e
3
x
∣
0
+
∞
+
1
3
∫
0
+
∞
1
1
+
e
3
x
d
x
=
1
3
∫
0
+
∞
e
3
x
e
3
x
(
1
+
e
3
x
)
d
x
=
1
9
ln
e
3
x
e
3
x
+
1
∣
0
+
∞
=
1
9
ln
2.
\begin{aligned} \displaystyle\int^{+\infty}_0\cfrac{xe^{-3x}}{(1+e^{-3x})^2}\mathrm{d}x&=\displaystyle\int^{+\infty}_0\cfrac{xe^{3x}}{(1+e^{3x})^2}\mathrm{d}x=-\cfrac{1}{3}\displaystyle\int^{+\infty}_0x\mathrm{d}\left(\cfrac{1}{1+e^{3x}}\right)\\ &=-\cfrac{xe^{3x}}{1+e^{3x}}\biggm\vert^{+\infty}_0+\cfrac{1}{3}\displaystyle\int^{+\infty}_0\cfrac{1}{1+e^{3x}}\mathrm{d}x\\ &=\cfrac{1}{3}\displaystyle\int^{+\infty}_0\cfrac{e^{3x}}{e^{3x}(1+e^{3x})}\mathrm{d}x\\ &=\cfrac{1}{9}\ln\cfrac{e^{3x}}{e^{3x}+1}\biggm\vert^{+\infty}_0=\cfrac{1}{9}\ln2. \end{aligned}
∫0+∞(1+e−3x)2xe−3xdx=∫0+∞(1+e3x)2xe3xdx=−31∫0+∞xd(1+e3x1)=−1+e3xxe3x∣∣∣∣0+∞+31∫0+∞1+e3x1dx=31∫0+∞e3x(1+e3x)e3xdx=91lne3x+1e3x∣∣∣∣0+∞=91ln2.
(这道题主要利用了分部积分法求解)
(6) ∫ d x 2 + cos x ; \displaystyle\int\cfrac{\mathrm{d}x}{2+\cos x}; ∫2+cosxdx;
解 令
t
=
tan
x
2
t=\tan\cfrac{x}{2}
t=tan2x,则
∫
d
x
2
+
cos
x
=
∫
1
2
+
1
−
t
2
1
+
t
2
⋅
2
1
+
t
2
d
t
=
∫
2
3
+
t
2
d
t
=
2
3
∫
1
1
+
(
t
3
)
2
d
t
=
2
3
arctan
t
3
+
C
.
\begin{aligned} \displaystyle\int\cfrac{\mathrm{d}x}{2+\cos x}&=\displaystyle\int\cfrac{1}{2+\cfrac{1-t^2}{1+t^2}}\cdot\cfrac{2}{1+t^2}\mathrm{d}t=\displaystyle\int\cfrac{2}{3+t^2}\mathrm{d}t\\ &=\cfrac{2}{3}\displaystyle\int\cfrac{1}{1+\left(\cfrac{t}{\sqrt{3}}\right)^2}\mathrm{d}t=\cfrac{2}{\sqrt{3}}\arctan\cfrac{t}{\sqrt{3}}+C. \end{aligned}
∫2+cosxdx=∫2+1+t21−t21⋅1+t22dt=∫3+t22dt=32∫1+(3t)21dt=32arctan3t+C.
其中
t
=
tan
x
2
t=\tan\cfrac{x}{2}
t=tan2x。(这道题主要利用了万能公式求解)
(8) ∫ d x x + x + 2 ; \displaystyle\int\cfrac{\mathrm{d}x}{x+\sqrt{x+2}}; ∫x+x+2dx;
解 令
t
=
x
+
2
t=\sqrt{x+2}
t=x+2,则
∫
d
x
x
+
x
+
2
=
∫
2
t
t
2
+
t
−
2
d
t
=
2
3
(
∫
2
t
+
2
d
t
+
∫
1
t
−
1
d
t
)
=
2
3
ln
∣
(
t
+
2
)
2
(
t
−
1
)
∣
+
C
=
2
3
ln
∣
(
x
+
2
+
2
)
2
(
x
+
2
−
1
)
∣
+
C
.
\begin{aligned} \displaystyle\int\cfrac{\mathrm{d}x}{x+\sqrt{x+2}}&=\displaystyle\int\cfrac{2t}{t^2+t-2}\mathrm{d}t=\cfrac{2}{3}\left(\displaystyle\int\cfrac{2}{t+2}\mathrm{d}t+\displaystyle\int\cfrac{1}{t-1}\mathrm{d}t\right)\\ &=\cfrac{2}{3}\ln|(t+2)^2(t-1)|+C\\ &=\cfrac{2}{3}\ln|(\sqrt{x+2}+2)^2(\sqrt{x+2}-1)|+C. \end{aligned}
∫x+x+2dx=∫t2+t−22tdt=32(∫t+22dt+∫t−11dt)=32ln∣(t+2)2(t−1)∣+C=32ln∣(x+2+2)2(x+2−1)∣+C.
(这道题主要利用了换元积分法求解)
(11) ∫ 0 2 [ ( x − 1 ) 3 + 2 x ] 1 − cos 2 n x d x ; \displaystyle\int^2_0[(x-1)^3+2x]\sqrt{1-\cos2nx}\mathrm{d}x; ∫02[(x−1)3+2x]1−cos2nxdx;
解
∫
0
2
[
(
x
−
1
)
3
+
2
x
]
1
−
cos
2
n
x
d
x
=
x
−
1
=
t
∫
−
1
1
(
t
3
+
2
t
+
2
)
1
−
cos
2
π
t
d
t
=
4
∫
0
1
1
−
cos
2
π
t
d
t
=
4
2
∫
0
1
sin
π
t
d
t
=
8
2
π
.
\begin{aligned} \displaystyle\int^2_0[(x-1)^3+2x]\sqrt{1-\cos2nx}\mathrm{d}x&\xlongequal{x-1=t}\displaystyle\int^1_{-1}(t^3+2t+2)\sqrt{1-\cos2\pi t}\mathrm{d}t\\ &=4\displaystyle\int^1_0\sqrt{1-\cos2\pi t}\mathrm{d}t=4\sqrt{2}\displaystyle\int^1_0\sin\pi t\mathrm{d}t=\cfrac{8\sqrt{2}}{\pi}. \end{aligned}
∫02[(x−1)3+2x]1−cos2nxdxx−1=t∫−11(t3+2t+2)1−cos2πtdt=4∫011−cos2πtdt=42∫01sinπtdt=π82.
(这道题主要利用了积分函数的对称性求解)
(12) ∫ 0 + ∞ 1 ( x 2 + 1 ) ( 1 + x 5 ) d x ; \displaystyle\int^{+\infty}_0\cfrac{1}{(x^2+1)(1+x^5)}\mathrm{d}x; ∫0+∞(x2+1)(1+x5)1dx;
解 记 I = ∫ 0 + ∞ 1 ( x 2 + 1 ) ( 1 + x 5 ) d x I=\displaystyle\int^{+\infty}_0\cfrac{1}{(x^2+1)(1+x^5)}\mathrm{d}x I=∫0+∞(x2+1)(1+x5)1dx,令 x = tan t x=\tan t x=tant,则 I = ∫ 0 π 2 cos 5 t cos 5 t + sin 5 t d t I=\displaystyle\int^{\frac{\pi}{2}}_0\cfrac{\cos^5t}{\cos^5t+\sin^5t}\mathrm{d}t I=∫02πcos5t+sin5tcos5tdt,又因 I = ∫ 0 π 2 cos 5 t cos 5 t + sin 5 t d t = t = π 2 − u ∫ 0 π 2 sin 5 t cos 5 t + sin 5 t d t I=\displaystyle\int^{\frac{\pi}{2}}_0\cfrac{\cos^5t}{\cos^5t+\sin^5t}\mathrm{d}t\xlongequal{t=\cfrac{\pi}{2}-u}\displaystyle\int^{\frac{\pi}{2}}_0\cfrac{\sin^5t}{\cos^5t+\sin^5t}\mathrm{d}t I=∫02πcos5t+sin5tcos5tdtt=2π−u∫02πcos5t+sin5tsin5tdt,两式相加,得 I = π 4 I=\cfrac{\pi}{4} I=4π。(这道题主要利用了换元积分法求解)
(18) ∫ x + sin x 1 + cos x d x . \displaystyle\int\cfrac{x+\sin x}{1+\cos x}\mathrm{d}x. ∫1+cosxx+sinxdx.
解
∫
x
+
sin
x
1
+
cos
x
d
x
=
∫
x
1
+
cos
x
d
x
+
∫
sin
x
1
+
cos
x
d
x
=
∫
x
1
+
cos
x
d
x
+
x
sin
x
1
+
cos
x
−
∫
x
d
(
sin
x
1
+
cos
x
)
=
∫
x
1
+
cos
x
d
x
+
x
sin
x
1
+
cos
x
−
∫
x
1
+
cos
x
d
x
=
x
sin
x
1
+
cos
x
+
C
.
\begin{aligned} \displaystyle\int\cfrac{x+\sin x}{1+\cos x}\mathrm{d}x&=\displaystyle\int\cfrac{x}{1+\cos x}\mathrm{d}x+\displaystyle\int\cfrac{\sin x}{1+\cos x}\mathrm{d}x\\ &=\displaystyle\int\cfrac{x}{1+\cos x}\mathrm{d}x+\cfrac{x\sin x}{1+\cos x}-\displaystyle\int x\mathrm{d}\left(\cfrac{\sin x}{1+\cos x}\right)\\ &=\displaystyle\int\cfrac{x}{1+\cos x}\mathrm{d}x+\cfrac{x\sin x}{1+\cos x}-\displaystyle\int\cfrac{x}{1+\cos x}\mathrm{d}x\\ &=\cfrac{x\sin x}{1+\cos x}+C. \end{aligned}
∫1+cosxx+sinxdx=∫1+cosxxdx+∫1+cosxsinxdx=∫1+cosxxdx+1+cosxxsinx−∫xd(1+cosxsinx)=∫1+cosxxdx+1+cosxxsinx−∫1+cosxxdx=1+cosxxsinx+C.
(这道题主要利用了分部积分法求解)
22.求 I = ∫ 0 ln 2 x e x e x + 1 d x + ∫ ln 2 ln 3 x e x e x − 1 d x I=\displaystyle\int^{\ln2}_0\cfrac{xe^x}{e^x+1}\mathrm{d}x+\displaystyle\int^{\ln3}_{\ln2}\cfrac{xe^x}{e^x-1}\mathrm{d}x I=∫0ln2ex+1xexdx+∫ln2ln3ex−1xexdx。
解 作变量代换:
e
x
=
u
e^x=u
ex=u,则
I
=
∫
1
2
ln
u
u
+
1
d
u
+
∫
2
3
ln
u
u
−
1
d
u
I=\displaystyle\int^2_1\cfrac{\ln u}{u+1}\mathrm{d}u+\displaystyle\int^3_2\cfrac{\ln u}{u-1}\mathrm{d}u
I=∫12u+1lnudu+∫23u−1lnudu,对后一积分作代换:
u
−
1
=
t
u-1=t
u−1=t,再分部积分,有
I
2
=
∫
2
3
ln
u
u
−
1
d
u
=
∫
1
2
ln
(
t
+
1
)
t
d
t
=
ln
t
ln
(
t
+
1
)
∣
1
2
−
∫
1
2
ln
t
t
+
1
d
t
=
ln
2
ln
3
−
I
1
.
\begin{aligned} I_2&=\displaystyle\int^3_2\cfrac{\ln u}{u-1}\mathrm{d}u=\displaystyle\int^2_1\cfrac{\ln(t+1)}{t}\mathrm{d}t\\ &=\ln t\ln(t+1)\biggm\vert^2_1-\displaystyle\int^2_1\cfrac{\ln t}{t+1}\mathrm{d}t\\ &=\ln2\ln3-I_1. \end{aligned}
I2=∫23u−1lnudu=∫12tln(t+1)dt=lntln(t+1)∣∣∣∣12−∫12t+1lntdt=ln2ln3−I1.
所以
I
=
I
1
+
I
2
=
ln
2
ln
3
I=I_1+I_2=\ln2\ln3
I=I1+I2=ln2ln3。(这道题主要利用了分部积分法求解)
C C C组
1.设
a
n
=
∫
0
1
x
n
1
−
x
2
d
x
,
b
n
=
∫
0
π
2
sin
n
t
d
t
a_n=\displaystyle\int^1_0x^n\sqrt{1-x^2}\mathrm{d}x,b_n=\displaystyle\int^{\frac{\pi}{2}}_0\sin^nt\mathrm{d}t
an=∫01xn1−x2dx,bn=∫02πsinntdt,则极限
lim
n
→
∞
n
a
n
b
n
=
\lim\limits_{n\to\infty}\cfrac{na_n}{b_n}=
n→∞limbnnan=( )
(
A
)
1
;
(A)1;
(A)1;
(
B
)
0
;
(B)0;
(B)0;
(
C
)
−
1
;
(C)-1;
(C)−1;
(
D
)
∞
.
(D)\infty.
(D)∞.
解
a
n
=
∫
0
1
x
n
1
−
x
2
d
x
=
x
=
sin
t
∫
0
π
2
sin
n
t
⋅
cos
2
t
d
t
=
∫
0
π
2
sin
n
t
(
1
−
sin
2
t
)
d
t
=
b
n
−
b
n
+
2
.
\begin{aligned} a_n&=\displaystyle\int^1_0x^n\sqrt{1-x^2}\mathrm{d}x\xlongequal{x=\sin t}\displaystyle\int^{\frac{\pi}{2}}_0\sin^nt\cdot\cos^2t\mathrm{d}t\\ &=\displaystyle\int^{\frac{\pi}{2}}_0\sin^nt(1-\sin^2t)\mathrm{d}t=b_n-b_{n+2}. \end{aligned}
an=∫01xn1−x2dxx=sint∫02πsinnt⋅cos2tdt=∫02πsinnt(1−sin2t)dt=bn−bn+2.
又
b
n
+
2
=
n
+
1
n
+
2
b
n
b_{n+2}=\cfrac{n+1}{n+2}b_n
bn+2=n+2n+1bn,则
lim
n
→
∞
n
a
n
b
n
=
lim
n
→
∞
n
(
1
−
n
+
1
n
+
2
)
=
lim
n
→
∞
n
n
+
2
=
1
\lim\limits_{n\to\infty}\cfrac{na_n}{b_n}=\lim\limits_{n\to\infty}n\left(1-\cfrac{n+1}{n+2}\right)=\lim\limits_{n\to\infty}\cfrac{n}{n+2}=1
n→∞limbnnan=n→∞limn(1−n+2n+1)=n→∞limn+2n=1。故选
(
A
)
(A)
(A)。(这道题主要利用了递推公式求解)
3.设 a n = 3 2 ∫ 0 n n + 1 x n − 1 1 + x n d x a_n=\cfrac{3}{2}\displaystyle\int^{\frac{n}{n+1}}_0x^{n-1}\sqrt{1+x^n}\mathrm{d}x an=23∫0n+1nxn−11+xndx,则 lim n → ∞ n a n = \lim\limits_{n\to\infty}na_n= n→∞limnan=______。
解
a
n
=
3
2
n
∫
0
n
n
+
1
1
+
x
n
d
(
1
+
x
n
)
=
3
2
n
⋅
2
3
(
1
+
x
n
)
3
2
∣
0
n
n
+
1
=
1
n
[
1
+
1
(
1
+
1
n
)
n
]
3
2
−
1
n
.
\begin{aligned} a_n&=\cfrac{3}{2n}\displaystyle\int^{\frac{n}{n+1}}_0\sqrt{1+x^n}\mathrm{d}(1+x^n)\\ &=\cfrac{3}{2n}\cdot\cfrac{2}{3}(1+x^n)^{\frac{3}{2}}\biggm\vert^{\frac{n}{n+1}}_0=\cfrac{1}{n}\left[1+\cfrac{1}{\left(1+\cfrac{1}{n}\right)^n}\right]^{\frac{3}{2}}-\cfrac{1}{n}. \end{aligned}
an=2n3∫0n+1n1+xnd(1+xn)=2n3⋅32(1+xn)23∣∣∣∣0n+1n=n1⎣⎢⎢⎢⎢⎡1+(1+n1)n1⎦⎥⎥⎥⎥⎤23−n1.
则
lim
n
→
∞
n
a
n
=
lim
n
→
∞
[
(
1
+
1
(
1
+
1
n
)
n
)
3
2
−
1
]
=
(
1
+
e
−
1
)
3
2
−
1
\lim\limits_{n\to\infty}na_n=\lim\limits_{n\to\infty}\left[\left(1+\cfrac{1}{\left(1+\cfrac{1}{n}\right)^n}\right)^{\frac{3}{2}}-1\right]=(1+e^{-1})^{\frac{3}{2}}-1
n→∞limnan=n→∞lim⎣⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎡⎝⎜⎜⎜⎜⎛1+(1+n1)n1⎠⎟⎟⎟⎟⎞23−1⎦⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎤=(1+e−1)23−1。(这道题主要利用了无穷小代换求解)
5.设 f ( x ) f(x) f(x)在 x = 0 x=0 x=0处可导,又 g ( x ) = { x + 1 2 , x < 0 , sin x 2 x , x > 0 , g(x)=\begin{cases}x+\cfrac{1}{2},&x<0,\\\cfrac{\sin\cfrac{x}{2}}{x},&x>0,\end{cases} g(x)=⎩⎪⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎪⎧x+21,xsin2x,x<0,x>0,求 I = lim x → 0 x f ( x ) ( 1 + x ) − x + 1 x + g ( x ) ∫ 0 2 x cos t 2 d t x g ( x ) I=\lim\limits_{x\to0}\cfrac{xf(x)(1+x)^{-\frac{x+1}{x}}+g(x)\displaystyle\int^{2x}_0\cos t^2\mathrm{d}t}{xg(x)} I=x→0limxg(x)xf(x)(1+x)−xx+1+g(x)∫02xcost2dt。
解
I
=
lim
x
→
0
[
f
(
x
)
g
(
x
)
⋅
1
(
1
+
x
)
(
1
+
x
)
1
x
+
∫
0
2
x
cos
t
2
d
t
x
]
I=\lim\limits_{x\to0}\left[\cfrac{f(x)}{g(x)}\cdot\cfrac{1}{(1+x)(1+x)^{\frac{1}{x}}}+\cfrac{\displaystyle\int^{2x}_0\cos t^2\mathrm{d}t}{x}\right]
I=x→0lim⎣⎢⎢⎡g(x)f(x)⋅(1+x)(1+x)x11+x∫02xcost2dt⎦⎥⎥⎤,其中,
lim
x
→
0
−
g
(
x
)
=
lim
x
→
0
−
(
x
+
1
2
)
=
1
2
,
lim
x
→
0
+
g
(
x
)
=
lim
x
→
0
+
sin
x
2
2
x
2
=
1
2
\lim\limits_{x\to0^-}g(x)=\lim\limits_{x\to0^-}\left(x+\cfrac{1}{2}\right)=\cfrac{1}{2},\lim\limits_{x\to0^+}g(x)=\lim\limits_{x\to0^+}\cfrac{\sin\cfrac{x}{2}}{2\cfrac{x}{2}}=\cfrac{1}{2}
x→0−limg(x)=x→0−lim(x+21)=21,x→0+limg(x)=x→0+lim22xsin2x=21,故
lim
x
→
0
g
(
x
)
=
1
2
\lim\limits_{x\to0}g(x)=\cfrac{1}{2}
x→0limg(x)=21,又
f
(
x
)
f(x)
f(x)在
x
=
0
x=0
x=0处可导,必连续,即
lim
x
→
0
f
(
x
)
=
f
(
0
)
\lim\limits_{x\to0}f(x)=f(0)
x→0limf(x)=f(0)。故
lim
x
→
0
f
(
x
)
g
(
x
)
=
lim
x
→
0
f
(
x
)
lim
x
→
0
g
(
x
)
=
f
(
0
)
1
2
=
2
f
(
0
)
\lim\limits_{x\to0}\cfrac{f(x)}{g(x)}=\cfrac{\lim\limits_{x\to0}f(x)}{\lim\limits_{x\to0}g(x)}=\cfrac{f(0)}{\cfrac{1}{2}}=2f(0)
x→0limg(x)f(x)=x→0limg(x)x→0limf(x)=21f(0)=2f(0)。
而
lim
x
→
0
(
1
+
x
)
(
1
+
x
)
1
x
=
e
,
lim
x
→
0
∫
0
2
x
cos
t
2
d
t
x
=
lim
x
→
0
2
cos
(
2
x
)
2
=
2
\lim\limits_{x\to0}(1+x)(1+x)^{\frac{1}{x}}=e,\lim\limits_{x\to0}\cfrac{\displaystyle\int^{2x}_0\cos t^2\mathrm{d}t}{x}=\lim\limits_{x\to0}2\cos(2x)^2=2
x→0lim(1+x)(1+x)x1=e,x→0limx∫02xcost2dt=x→0lim2cos(2x)2=2,于是
I
=
lim
x
→
0
x
f
(
x
)
(
1
+
x
)
−
x
+
1
x
+
g
(
x
)
∫
0
2
x
cos
t
2
d
t
x
g
(
x
)
=
2
e
−
1
f
(
0
)
+
2
I=\lim\limits_{x\to0}\cfrac{xf(x)(1+x)^{-\frac{x+1}{x}}+g(x)\displaystyle\int^{2x}_0\cos t^2\mathrm{d}t}{xg(x)}=2e^{-1}f(0)+2
I=x→0limxg(x)xf(x)(1+x)−xx+1+g(x)∫02xcost2dt=2e−1f(0)+2。(这道题主要利用了拆分分式求解)
8.求 I n = ∫ − 1 1 ( x 2 − 1 ) n d x I_n=\displaystyle\int^1_{-1}(x^2-1)^n\mathrm{d}x In=∫−11(x2−1)ndx。
解 由分部积分法可得
I
n
=
x
(
x
2
−
1
)
n
∣
−
1
1
−
2
n
∫
−
1
1
x
2
(
x
2
−
1
)
n
−
1
d
x
=
−
2
n
∫
−
1
1
(
x
2
−
1
)
n
d
x
−
2
n
∫
−
1
1
(
x
2
−
1
)
n
−
1
d
x
=
−
2
n
I
n
−
2
n
I
n
−
1
.
\begin{aligned} I_n&=x(x^2-1)^n\biggm\vert^1_{-1}-2n\displaystyle\int^1_{-1}x^2(x^2-1)^{n-1}\mathrm{d}x\\ &=-2n\displaystyle\int^1_{-1}(x^2-1)^n\mathrm{d}x-2n\displaystyle\int^1_{-1}(x^2-1)^{n-1}\mathrm{d}x\\ &=-2nI_n-2nI_{n-1}. \end{aligned}
In=x(x2−1)n∣∣∣∣−11−2n∫−11x2(x2−1)n−1dx=−2n∫−11(x2−1)ndx−2n∫−11(x2−1)n−1dx=−2nIn−2nIn−1.
故
I
n
=
−
2
n
2
n
+
1
I
n
−
1
I_n=-\cfrac{2n}{2n+1}I_{n-1}
In=−2n+12nIn−1。
递推得
I
n
−
1
=
−
2
(
n
−
1
)
2
n
−
1
I
n
−
2
,
I
n
−
2
=
−
2
(
n
−
2
)
2
n
−
3
I
n
−
3
,
⋯
,
I
2
=
−
4
5
I
1
I_{n-1}=-\cfrac{2(n-1)}{2n-1}I_{n-2},I_{n-2}=-\cfrac{2(n-2)}{2n-3}I_{n-3},\cdots,I_2=-\cfrac{4}{5}I_1
In−1=−2n−12(n−1)In−2,In−2=−2n−32(n−2)In−3,⋯,I2=−54I1,又
I
1
=
∫
−
1
1
(
x
2
−
1
)
d
x
=
−
4
3
I_1=\displaystyle\int^1_{-1}(x^2-1)\mathrm{d}x=-\cfrac{4}{3}
I1=∫−11(x2−1)dx=−34,所以
I
n
=
(
−
1
)
n
2
2
n
+
1
(
n
!
)
2
(
2
n
+
1
)
!
I_n=(-1)^n\cfrac{2^{2n+1}(n!)^2}{(2n+1)!}
In=(−1)n(2n+1)!22n+1(n!)2。(这道题主要利用了递推公式求解)
9.求 ∫ e − 2 n π 1 ∣ [ cos ( ln 1 x ) ] ′ ∣ ln 1 x d x \displaystyle\int^1_{e^{-2n\pi}}\left|\left[\cos\left(\ln\cfrac{1}{x}\right)\right]'\right|\ln\cfrac{1}{x}\mathrm{d}x ∫e−2nπ1∣∣∣∣∣[cos(lnx1)]′∣∣∣∣∣lnx1dx。
解 令
ln
1
x
=
t
\ln\cfrac{1}{x}=t
lnx1=t,则
x
=
e
−
t
,
d
x
=
−
e
−
t
d
t
x=e^{-t},\mathrm{d}x=-e^{-t}\mathrm{d}t
x=e−t,dx=−e−tdt。
∫
e
−
2
n
π
1
∣
[
cos
(
ln
1
x
)
]
′
∣
ln
1
x
d
x
=
∫
0
2
n
π
∣
d
(
cos
t
)
d
t
⋅
d
t
d
x
∣
t
e
−
t
d
t
=
∫
0
2
n
π
∣
e
t
⋅
sin
t
∣
t
e
−
t
d
t
=
∫
0
2
n
π
∣
sin
t
∣
t
d
t
=
∑
k
=
1
2
n
∫
(
k
−
1
)
π
k
π
(
−
1
)
k
−
1
t
sin
t
d
t
=
∑
k
=
1
2
n
(
−
1
)
k
−
1
(
−
t
cos
t
+
sin
t
)
∣
(
k
−
1
)
π
k
π
=
∑
k
=
1
2
n
(
−
1
)
k
−
1
[
−
k
π
(
−
1
)
k
+
(
k
−
1
)
π
(
−
1
)
k
−
1
]
=
∑
k
=
1
2
n
(
2
k
−
1
)
π
=
4
n
2
π
.
\begin{aligned} \displaystyle\int^1_{e^{-2n\pi}}\left|\left[\cos\left(\ln\cfrac{1}{x}\right)\right]'\right|\ln\cfrac{1}{x}\mathrm{d}x&=\displaystyle\int^{2n\pi}_0\left|\cfrac{\mathrm{d}(\cos t)}{\mathrm{d}t}\cdot\cfrac{\mathrm{d}t}{\mathrm{d}x}\right|te^{-t}\mathrm{d}t=\displaystyle\int^{2n\pi}_0|e^t\cdot\sin t|te^{-t}\mathrm{d}t\\ &=\displaystyle\int^{2n\pi}_0|\sin t|t\mathrm{d}t=\sum\limits_{k=1}^{2n}\displaystyle\int^{k\pi}_{(k-1)\pi}(-1)^{k-1}t\sin t\mathrm{d}t\\ &=\sum\limits_{k=1}^{2n}(-1)^{k-1}(-t\cos t+\sin t)\biggm\vert^{k\pi}_{(k-1)\pi}\\ &=\sum\limits_{k=1}^{2n}(-1)^{k-1}[-k\pi(-1)^k+(k-1)\pi(-1)^{k-1}]\\ &=\sum\limits_{k=1}^{2n}(2k-1)\pi=4n^2\pi. \end{aligned}
∫e−2nπ1∣∣∣∣∣[cos(lnx1)]′∣∣∣∣∣lnx1dx=∫02nπ∣∣∣∣∣dtd(cost)⋅dxdt∣∣∣∣∣te−tdt=∫02nπ∣et⋅sint∣te−tdt=∫02nπ∣sint∣tdt=k=1∑2n∫(k−1)πkπ(−1)k−1tsintdt=k=1∑2n(−1)k−1(−tcost+sint)∣∣∣∣(k−1)πkπ=k=1∑2n(−1)k−1[−kπ(−1)k+(k−1)π(−1)k−1]=k=1∑2n(2k−1)π=4n2π.
(这道题主要利用了分段函数求解)
13.求反常积分 ∫ 0 1 x b − x a ln x d x ( a , b > 0 ) \displaystyle\int^1_0\cfrac{x^b-x^a}{\ln x}\mathrm{d}x(a,b>0) ∫01lnxxb−xadx(a,b>0)。
解 化为二次积分并交换积分次序,有
∫
0
1
x
b
−
x
a
ln
x
d
x
=
∫
0
1
(
∫
a
b
x
y
d
y
)
d
x
=
∫
b
a
(
∫
0
1
x
y
d
x
)
d
y
=
∫
a
b
1
y
+
1
d
y
=
ln
b
+
1
a
+
1
.
\begin{aligned} \displaystyle\int^1_0\cfrac{x^b-x^a}{\ln x}\mathrm{d}x&=\displaystyle\int^1_0\left(\displaystyle\int^b_ax^y\mathrm{d}y\right)\mathrm{d}x=\displaystyle\int^a_b\left(\displaystyle\int^1_0x^y\mathrm{d}x\right)\mathrm{d}y\\ &=\displaystyle\int^b_a\cfrac{1}{y+1}\mathrm{d}y=\ln\cfrac{b+1}{a+1}. \end{aligned}
∫01lnxxb−xadx=∫01(∫abxydy)dx=∫ba(∫01xydx)dy=∫aby+11dy=lna+1b+1.
(这道题主要利用了换序积分求解)
14.求反常积分 ∫ 0 + ∞ 1 ( 1 + x 2 ) ( 1 + x α ) d x ( α ≠ 0 ) \displaystyle\int^{+\infty}_0\cfrac{1}{(1+x^2)(1+x^\alpha)}\mathrm{d}x(\alpha\ne0) ∫0+∞(1+x2)(1+xα)1dx(α=0)。
解 令
x
=
1
t
x=\cfrac{1}{t}
x=t1,则
∫
0
+
∞
1
(
1
+
x
2
)
(
1
+
x
α
)
d
x
=
∫
0
+
∞
t
α
(
1
+
t
2
)
(
1
+
t
α
)
d
t
=
∫
0
+
∞
x
α
(
1
+
x
2
)
(
1
+
x
α
)
d
x
=
1
2
∫
0
+
∞
1
+
x
α
(
1
+
x
2
)
(
1
+
x
α
)
d
x
=
1
2
∫
0
+
∞
1
1
+
x
2
d
x
=
1
2
arctan
x
∣
0
+
∞
=
π
4
.
\begin{aligned} \displaystyle\int^{+\infty}_0\cfrac{1}{(1+x^2)(1+x^\alpha)}\mathrm{d}x&=\displaystyle\int^{+\infty}_0\cfrac{t^\alpha}{(1+t^2)(1+t^\alpha)}\mathrm{d}t=\displaystyle\int^{+\infty}_0\cfrac{x^\alpha}{(1+x^2)(1+x^\alpha)}\mathrm{d}x\\ &=\cfrac{1}{2}\displaystyle\int^{+\infty}_0\cfrac{1+x^\alpha}{(1+x^2)(1+x^\alpha)}\mathrm{d}x=\cfrac{1}{2}\displaystyle\int^{+\infty}_0\cfrac{1}{1+x^2}\mathrm{d}x\\ &=\cfrac{1}{2}\arctan x\biggm\vert^{+\infty}_0=\cfrac{\pi}{4}. \end{aligned}
∫0+∞(1+x2)(1+xα)1dx=∫0+∞(1+t2)(1+tα)tαdt=∫0+∞(1+x2)(1+xα)xαdx=21∫0+∞(1+x2)(1+xα)1+xαdx=21∫0+∞1+x21dx=21arctanx∣∣∣∣0+∞=4π.
(这道题主要利用了换元积分法求解)
写在最后
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