how to use fork loop in perl

参考文献1：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/40190657/linux-perl-fork-loop-without-exiting-child-process
参考文献2：https://perlmaven.com/fork
参考文献3：https://perldoc.perl.org/perlfork

基于wait（）代码实现

use strict;
use warnings;
use 5.010;
 
say "Process ID: $$";
 
 
my $n = 3;
my $forks = 0;
for (1 .. $n) {
  my $pid = fork;
  if (not defined $pid) {
     warn 'Could not fork';
     next;
  }
  if ($pid) {
    $forks++;
    say "In the parent process PID ($$), Child pid: $pid Num of fork child processes: $forks";
  } else {
    say "In the child process PID ($$)"; 
    sleep 2;
    say "Child ($$) exiting";
    exit;
  }
}
 
for (1 .. $forks) {
   my $pid = wait();
   say "Parent saw $pid exiting";
}
say "Parent ($$) ending";

基于waitpid（）代码实现

use strict;
use warnings;
use 5.010;
 
say "Process ID: $$";
 
 
my $n = 3;
my $forks = 0;
for (1 .. $n) {
  my $pid = fork;
  if (not defined $pid) {
     warn 'Could not fork';
     next;
  }
  if ($pid) {
    $forks++;
    say "In the parent process PID ($$), Child pid: $pid Num of fork child processes: $forks";
  } else {
    say "In the child process PID ($$)"; 
    sleep 2;
    say "Child ($$) exiting";
    exit;
  }
}
say "Total fork tasks: $forks";

while(1) {
   my $pid = waitpid(-1, WNOHANG);
   if ($pid != -1) {
       say "Parent saw $pid exiting";
       $forks--;
   }
   if ($forks == 0 && $pid == -1) {
       last;
   }
}
say "Parent ($$) ending";