低成本接收机高精度定位-天线相位中心的影响

文献阅读“Analysis of Smartphone Based Dual Frequency RTK Performance Using RF Shielded Box” ，2023，ION，Bu-Gyeom Kim，Seoul National University

一、双频智能手机观测量质量

L5比L1差，This is because the L5 frequency antenna of smartphones is not suitable for receiving GNSS signals, and antenna performance needs to be improved to apply dual frequency RTK.

同时，智能手机天线本身不均匀且低增益，并不适合接收GNSS信号，因此，观测量质量不高。

Smartphone antennas were developed for communication, not GNSS signal reception. As a result, it is known that the antenna of a smartphone has a non-uniform and low gain pattern (Humphreys et al., 2016). As a result, the signal strength may be measured low even though it is a high elevation satellite.

二、天线相位中心矫正的原因和必要性

The antenna's non-uniform gain pattern also affects Phase Center Variation (PCV).

智能手机天线的不均匀和低增益特性，还会影响相位中心变化。

The phase center means a location where GNSS signals for each satellite are collected. Since the phase center may be different from the mechanical antenna position, information about the vector between the two positions is required through antenna calibration.

Antenna calibration is a process of obtaining a vector between an Antenna Reference Point (ARP) and phase centers.

Since the phase center is different depending on the direction in which satellite signals are collected, the mean phase center position is defined as the Antenna Phase Center (APC), and the offset between the ARP and APC is called the Phase Center Offset (PCO).And the difference between the phase center of each satellite from APC is PCV.

由于不同信号对应的天线相位中心不同，实际使用的是平均天线相位中心（APC），天线参考点（ARP）与APC之间的偏移称为相位中心偏移（PCO）。每个卫星相位中心和APC之间的偏移是相位中心变化（PCV）。

PCV directly affects positioning accuracy because PCV prevents GNSS signals from being received as a single point. Commercial GNSS antennas are known to have mm-level PCVs. Therefore, cm-level precise positioning is possible even without PCV compensation.

However, in the case of smartphone antennas, PCV can occur at the cm-level, which causes difficulties in precise positioning if not compensated (Wanninger & Heßelbarth, 2020, Darugna et al. 2021, Kim et al. 2023).

对于智能手机，PCV在厘米级，如果不补偿会给高精度定位带来困难。

In addition, there is a problem of multipath vulnerability. The carrier phase measurement is known to be robust to multipath, but in the case of smartphones, making the antenna small affects the carrier phase measurement as well.

智能手机天线体积小，还会影响对载波的观测。