基于MicroPython的ESP32在OLED上实时刷新温湿度

基于MicroPython的ESP32用起来后，做些小扩展功能：
1、通过DHT11获取温湿度；
2、将获取的温湿度显示在OLED上；并通过定时器，定时刷新；
3、OLED可显示中文；

一、DHT11获取温湿度

这个比较简单，直接上代码

# DHT11/DHT22 driver for MicroPython on ESP8266
# MIT license; Copyright (c) 2016 Damien P. George

import sys
import machine
from esp import dht_readinto

class DHTBase:
    def __init__(self, pin):
        self.pin = pin
        self.buf = bytearray(5)

    def measure(self):
        buf = self.buf
        dht_readinto(self.pin, buf)
        if (buf[0] + buf[1] + buf[2] + buf[3]) & 0xFF != buf[4]:
            raise Exception("checksum error")


class DHT11(DHTBase):
    def humidity(self):
        return self.buf[0]+self.buf[1]*0.1

    def temperature(self):
        return self.buf[2]+self.buf[3]*0.1

唯一要注意的就是温湿度的计算，网上很多五花八门的错误计算。第一个字节为湿度整数，第二个字节为湿度的小数。所以湿度值等于第一个字节加上第二个字节*0.1。温度一样的计算方法。

二、OLED显示

这个是根据TPYBoard例程ssd1306.py修改的，其链接可以看下，很多基于TPYBoard的例程。

原代码中有5x8字符显示，中文显示。将原代码通讯接口改为ESP32的IIC，增加8x16的字符显示。代码如下：

# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
#
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
# THE SOFTWARE.

from machine import Pin,I2C
import font

# Constants
DISPLAYOFF          = 0xAE
SETCONTRAST         = 0x81
DISPLAYALLON_RESUME = 0xA4
DISPLAYALLON        = 0xA5
NORMALDISPLAY       = 0xA6
INVERTDISPLAY       = 0xA7
DISPLAYON           = 0xAF
SETDISPLAYOFFSET    = 0xD3
SETCOMPINS          = 0xDA
SETVCOMDETECT       = 0xDB
SETDISPLAYCLOCKDIV  = 0xD5
SETPRECHARGE        = 0xD9
SETMULTIPLEX        = 0xA8
SETLOWCOLUMN        = 0x00
SETHIGHCOLUMN       = 0x10
SETSTARTLINE        = 0x40
MEMORYMODE          = 0x20
COLUMNADDR          = 0x21
PAGEADDR            = 0x22
COMSCANINC          = 0xC0
COMSCANDEC          = 0xC8
SEGREMAP            = 0xA0
CHARGEPUMP          = 0x8D
EXTERNALVCC         = 0x10
SWITCHCAPVCC        = 0x20
SETPAGEADDR         = 0xB0
SETCOLADDR_LOW      = 0x00
SETCOLADDR_HIGH     = 0x10
ACTIVATE_SCROLL                      = 0x2F
DEACTIVATE_SCROLL                    = 0x2E
SET_VERTICAL_SCROLL_AREA             = 0xA3
RIGHT_HORIZONTAL_SCROLL              = 0x26
LEFT_HORIZONTAL_SCROLL               = 0x27
VERTICAL_AND_RIGHT_HORIZONTAL_SCROLL = 0x29
VERTICAL_AND_LEFT_HORIZONTAL_SCROLL  = 0x2A

# I2C devices are accessed through a Device ID. This is a 7-bit
# value but is sometimes expressed left-shifted by 1 as an 8-bit value.
# A pin on SSD1306 allows it to respond to ID 0x3C or 0x3D. The board
# I bought from ebay used a 0-ohm resistor to select between "0x78"
# (0x3c << 1) or "0x7a" (0x3d << 1). The default was set to "0x78"
DEVID = 0x3c

# I2C communication here is either <DEVID> <CTL_CMD> <command byte>
# or <DEVID> <CTL_DAT> <display buffer bytes> <> <> <> <>...
# These two values encode the Co (Continuation) bit as b7 and the
# D/C# (Data/Command Selection) bit as b6.
CTL_CMD = 0x80
CTL_DAT = 0x40

class SSD1306(object):

  def __init__(self, i2c_devid=DEVID):
    self.external_vcc = False
    self.height       = 64
    self.pages        = int(self.height / 8)
    self.columns      = 128

    
    self.i2c = I2C(scl=Pin(22), sda=Pin(21), freq=100000)
    self.devid = i2c_devid
    self.offset = 1
    # I2C command buffer
    self.cbuffer = bytearray(2)
    self.cbuffer[0] = CTL_CMD

  def clear(self):
    self.buffer = bytearray(self.offset + self.pages * self.columns)
    if self.offset == 1:
      self.buffer[0] = CTL_DAT

  def write_command(self, command_byte):
    self.cbuffer[1] = command_byte
    self.i2c.writeto(self.devid, self.cbuffer)
    
  def invert_display(self, invert):
    self.write_command(INVERTDISPLAY if invert else NORMALDISPLAY)

  def display(self):
    self.write_command(COLUMNADDR)
    self.write_command(0)
    self.write_command(self.columns - 1)
    self.write_command(PAGEADDR)
    self.write_command(0)
    self.write_command(self.pages - 1)
    self.i2c.writeto(self.devid, self.buffer)
    

  def set_pixel(self, x, y, state):
    index = x + (int(y / 8) * self.columns)
    if state:
      self.buffer[self.offset + index] |= (1 << (y & 7))
     
    else:
      self.buffer[self.offset + index] &= ~(1 << (y & 7))
      
  def draw_chinese(self,ch_str,x_axis,y_axis):
    offset_=0
    y_axis=y_axis*8#中文高度一行占8个
    x_axis=127-(x_axis*16)#中文宽度占16个
    for k in ch_str:
        code = 0x00#将中文转成16进制编码
        data_code = k.encode("utf-8")
        code |= data_code[0]<<16
        code |= data_code[1]<<8