[注解]Execution Order of Event Functions: Unity生命周期及常见问题

版本: 2018.2

原文: Execution Order of Event Functions

Script Lifecycle Flowchart 脚本生命周期流程图

The following diagram summarises the ordering and repetition of event functions during a script’s lifetime.

In Unity scripting, there are a number of event functions that get executed in a predetermined order as a script executes. This execution order is described below:

Unity框架有一个复杂的游戏循环

First Scene Load 第一次场景加载

These functions get called when a scene starts (once for each object in the scene).

• Awake:

  • This function is always called before any Start functions and also just after a prefab is instantiated. (If a GameObject is inactive during start up Awake is not called until it is made active.)
  • 调用时机:
    • 在prefab被实例化之后调用(todo)
    • 在调用 Start 之前调用
  • 注意:
    • 如果GameObject在游戏启动时处于非活动状态，则不会调用 Awake , 直到它被激活才会调用 Awake
    • 不切换场景的情况下, Awake 只会在首次激活时调用, (只调用一次)
    • 在所有对象都初始化之后, 才调用 Awake , 所以可以安全地与其他对象交互, 或使用例如 GameObject.FindWithTag 来查找对象
    • 在Unity中, 使用 Awake 而不是构造函数来进行初始化，因为组件的序列化状态在构造时未定义。 Awake 仅被调用一次，就像构造函数一样。
    • Awake 不能作为协程
    • 任何 Start 调用之前, 总是先调用 Awake

• OnEnable:

  • (only called if the Object is active): This function is called just after the object is enabled. This happens when a MonoBehaviour instance is created, such as when a level is loaded or a GameObject with the script component is instantiated.
  • 调用时机
    • MonoBehaviour实例被创建之后(例如关卡加载时, 或GameObject的脚本被实例化)
    • 对象启用后立即调用此函数
  • 注意:
    • 仅在Object处于激活状态时调用 (激活对象的函数有: GameObject.SetActive(true))
    • 每次启动时都会调用!(启动对象的函数有 object.enable = true )

• OnLevelWasLoaded:

  • This function is executed to inform the game that a new level has been loaded.
  • 调用时机:
    • 当一个新的关卡被加载完毕的时候
  • 类似功能的API
    • SceneManager.sceneLoaded: 添加一个委托, 在加载场景完毕时会自动调用这个委托