前面已有博客介绍了QT的安装和配置VS2019配置Qt5.14.2以及在线配置Qt5.15.2，
这里再接着该版本说明下QT的使用，主要是汇总下之前博客中的内容：
注意前面安装时候，做如下的勾选选择：
同时系统环境变量里添加如下变量环境
一.命令行方式编译一个简单的qt程序
拿之前博客中的现成例子来演示，VS2019配置Qt5.14.2以及在线配置Qt5.15.2，文章最后有附上一个QTCreator创建的工程链接
链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1AomYijJobGY855zeBV5U1g
提取码：rky4
将工程中的四个文件拷贝到一个新建目录下，如下所示：
然后运行Qt 5.14.2(MingGW 7.3.0 64-bit)
在弹出来的CMD窗口内先后执行如下命令语句
可看到出现了报错信息fatal error: QDialog: No such file or directory，这里可以修改生成的pro文件，如下是原始生成的
修改为如下：
######################################################################
# Automatically generated by qmake (3.1) Sun Jan 8 10:36:59 2023
######################################################################
QT += core gui
greaterThan(QT_MAJOR_VERSION, 4): QT += widgets
TEMPLATE = app
TARGET = commandLine
INCLUDEPATH += .
# You can make your code fail to compile if you use deprecated APIs.
# In order to do so, uncomment the following line.
# Please consult the documentation of the deprecated API in order to know
# how to port your code away from it.
# You can also select to disable deprecated APIs only up to a certain version of Qt.
#DEFINES += QT_DISABLE_DEPRECATED_BEFORE=0x060000 # disables all the APIs deprecated before Qt 6.0.0
# Input
HEADERS += dialog.h
FORMS += dialog.ui
SOURCES += dialog.cpp main.cpp
再继续分别执行qmake和mingw32-make命令
然后cd到release目录下，将生成的exe文件跑起来
可看到程序功能运行正常
注：这边在使用mingw32-make命令的时候，生成的中间语句可以注意下：
如果要由ui文件获得对应的.h文件可以使用如上命令
给程序添加应用图标
拷贝一个ico文件到上面的目录下，同时在该目录下新建一个myico.rc文件，里面内容（可notepad++)修改为如下：
IDI_ICON1 ICON DISCARDABLE "tubiao.ico"然后打开pro文件，在末尾添加如下一句
RC_FILE += myico.rc
######################################################################
# Automatically generated by qmake (3.1) Sun Jan 8 10:36:59 2023
######################################################################
QT += core gui
greaterThan(QT_MAJOR_VERSION, 4): QT += widgets
TEMPLATE = app
TARGET = commandLine
INCLUDEPATH += .
# You can make your code fail to compile if you use deprecated APIs.
# In order to do so, uncomment the following line.
# Please consult the documentation of the deprecated API in order to know
# how to port your code away from it.
# You can also select to disable deprecated APIs only up to a certain version of Qt.
#DEFINES += QT_DISABLE_DEPRECATED_BEFORE=0x060000 # disables all the APIs deprecated before Qt 6.0.0
# Input
HEADERS += dialog.h
FORMS += dialog.ui
SOURCES += dialog.cpp main.cpp
RC_FILE += myico.rc
完毕后再分别执行qmake命令和mingw32-make命令，完毕后运行程序，如下：
可看到图标已经正确添加了。
再继续尝试另一个例子，在一个新的文件夹中纯文本编辑一份main.cpp文件，文件中代码如下：
#include <QApplication>
#include <QDialog>
#include <QLabel>
#include <QTextCodec>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
QApplication a(argc, argv);
QTextCodec::setCodecForLocale(QTextCodec::codecForLocale());
QDialog w;
w.resize(400,300);
QLabel label(&w);
label.move(120,120);
label.setText("Hello World!你好 Qt!");
w.show();
return a.exec();
}
然后执行qmake命令获得pro文件，修改pro文件如下：
######################################################################
# Automatically generated by qmake (3.1) Sun Jan 8 18:36:31 2023
######################################################################
QT += core gui
greaterThan(QT_MAJOR_VERSION, 4): QT += widgets
TEMPLATE = app
TARGET = commandLine2
INCLUDEPATH += .
# You can make your code fail to compile if you use deprecated APIs.
# In order to do so, uncomment the following line.
# Please consult the documentation of the deprecated API in order to know
# how to port your code away from it.
# You can also select to disable deprecated APIs only up to a certain version of Qt.
#DEFINES += QT_DISABLE_DEPRECATED_BEFORE=0x060000 # disables all the APIs deprecated before Qt 6.0.0
# Input
SOURCES += main.cpp
然后再执行qmake命令和mingw32-make命令
执行exe命令，效果如下：
到这边，以这种纯文本形式编辑代码，命令行编译的方式就简单概括了，ui界面的设计可以用Designer 5.14.2(MingGW 7.3.0 64-bit)来设计。对比博客中在ubuntu下命令行形式编译，方法是一样的。
https://blog.csdn.net/jiugeshao/article/details/121845539?spm=1001.2014.3001.5502
但我们更常用的还是通过编译环境来去写代码，方便调试，毕竟还是要站在巨人的肩膀上，善于利用工具，提高效率。
二.利用集成开发环境来设计程序
这里主要来拿QTCreator来做说明。
手动去设计界面
（1）新建项目，基类型选择QDialog
（2）生成的工程目录结构如下：
初始的pro文件中内容如下：
QT += core gui
greaterThan(QT_MAJOR_VERSION, 4): QT += widgets
CONFIG += c++11
# The following define makes your compiler emit warnings if you use
# any Qt feature that has been marked deprecated (the exact warnings
# depend on your compiler). Please consult the documentation of the
# deprecated API in order to know how to port your code away from it.
DEFINES += QT_DEPRECATED_WARNINGS
# You can also make your code fail to compile if it uses deprecated APIs.
# In order to do so, uncomment the following line.
# You can also select to disable deprecated APIs only up to a certain version of Qt.
#DEFINES += QT_DISABLE_DEPRECATED_BEFORE=0x060000 # disables all the APIs deprecated before Qt 6.0.0
SOURCES += \
main.cpp \
dialog.cpp
HEADERS += \
dialog.h
FORMS += \
dialog.ui
# Default rules for deployment.
qnx: target.path = /tmp/$${TARGET}/bin
else: unix:!android: target.path = /opt/$${TARGET}/bin
!isEmpty(target.path): INSTALLS += target
初始的dialog.h中内容如下：
#ifndef DIALOG_H
#define DIALOG_H
#include <QDialog>
QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
namespace Ui { class Dialog; }
QT_END_NAMESPACE
class Dialog : public QDialog
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
Dialog(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
~Dialog();
private:
Ui::Dialog *ui;
};
#endif // DIALOG_H
初始的dialog.cpp中内容如下：
#include "dialog.h"
#include "ui_dialog.h"
Dialog::Dialog(QWidget *parent)
: QDialog(parent)
, ui(new Ui::Dialog)
{
ui->setupUi(this);
}
Dialog::~Dialog()
{
delete ui;
}
初始的main.cpp中内容如下：
#include "dialog.h"
#include <QApplication>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
QApplication a(argc, argv);
Dialog w;
w.show();
return a.exec();
}
dialog.ui界面为空
(3)手动在界面上添加如下几个控件
鼠标选中dialog窗体，然后点击栏栅格布局按钮，界面上控件即如下排列了
此设计时，并不会影响dialog.h, dialog.cpp, main.cpp中的代码
2.手动添加信号和槽
(1) 给PushButton按钮手动添加信号和对应的槽
选中按钮后，点击Edit Signals/Slots选项
把线拖到界面外的空白处
出现如下的界面
勾选显示从QWidget继承的信号和槽，点击编辑，可以槽一栏中添加slot1槽
完毕后点击OK按钮。如下界面时，点击Edit Widgets
在Signals Slots Edit栏中能看到如下的信息
（2）在dialog.h文件中添加如下代码：
（3）在dialog.cpp文件中添加如下代码：
到这里运行效果如下：
3.自定义信号和槽
（1）在dialog.h文件中添加如下自定义信号（选中代码）
继续再添加自定义槽
（2）在dialog.cpp文件中添加如下代码（选中代码）
再添加如下代码
运行效果如下：
4.代码绑定界面上某个按钮的信号和槽
（1）界面上添加一个新的按钮
（2）在dialog.h文件中添加如下代码
在dialog.cpp文件中添加如下代码
运行效果如下：
5.自定义对话框，代码设计对话框界面
运行效果如下（点击Test按钮后出现如下界面）
对应该程序dialog.h中代码如下：
#ifndef DIALOG_H
#define DIALOG_H
#include <QDialog>
#include <QGroupBox>
#include <QLabel>
#include <qmessagebox.h>
QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
namespace Ui { class Dialog; }
QT_END_NAMESPACE
class Dialog : public QDialog
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
Dialog(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
~Dialog();
public:
//全局变量
QGroupBox *groupBox[10][10];
QPushButton *status[10][10];
private:
Ui::Dialog *ui;
signals:
void signal_define(QString);
private slots:
void slot1();
void slot_define(QString);
void TestDefineGUI();
void view();
void check();
};
#endif // DIALOG_H
对应该程序，dialog.cpp中代码如下：
#include "dialog.h"
#include "ui_dialog.h"
Dialog::Dialog(QWidget *parent)
: QDialog(parent)
, ui(new Ui::Dialog)
{
ui->setupUi(this);
connect(this, SIGNAL(signal_define(QString)),this,SLOT(slot_define(QString)));
connect(ui->pushButton_2, SIGNAL(clicked()), this, SLOT(TestDefineGUI()));
}
Dialog::~Dialog()
{
delete ui;
}
void Dialog::slot1()
{
ui->textEdit_1->setText("has be triggered");
QString qstring = "test2";
emit signal_define(qstring);
}
void Dialog::slot_define(QString ccmd)
{
ui->textEdit_2->setText(ccmd);
}
void Dialog::TestDefineGUI()
{
ui->textEdit_3->setText("Test Gui");
//设置字体
QFont font1;
font1.setFamily(QString::fromUtf8("Times New Roman"));
//font1.setBold(true);
//font1.setItalic(true);
font1.setPointSize(16);
//自定义对话框
QDialog *dialog = new QDialog(this);
QGridLayout *parent = new QGridLayout;
QGridLayout *child1 = new QGridLayout;
QGridLayout *child2 = new QGridLayout;
parent->addLayout(child1, 0, 0, 1,1);
parent->addLayout(child2, 1, 0, 30, 1);
QLabel *info = new QLabel;
info->setText(tr("代码设计界面"));
QPushButton *view = new QPushButton;
view->setText("view");
view->setFont(font1);
connect(view, SIGNAL(clicked()), this, SLOT(view()));
QSpacerItem *hSpace1;
hSpace1 = new QSpacerItem(40,20,QSizePolicy::Expanding, QSizePolicy::Minimum);
child1->addWidget(info,0,0,1,1);
child1->addItem(hSpace1, 0,2,1,2);
child1->addWidget(view, 0,5,1,1);
for(int layer=0; layer < 3; layer++)
{
QGridLayout *H=new QGridLayout;
for(int i=0; i<4; i++)
{
QGridLayout *local = new QGridLayout;
groupBox[layer][i] = new QGroupBox(this);
QPalette p = groupBox[layer][i]->palette();
p.setColor(QPalette::WindowText, Qt::green);
groupBox[layer][i]->setPalette(p);
status[layer][i] = new QPushButton(groupBox[layer][i]);
status[layer][i]->setFont(font1);
connect(status[layer][i],SIGNAL(clicked()),this,SLOT(check()));
local->addWidget(groupBox[layer][i],0,0,20,20);
local->addWidget(status[layer][i], 9, 1,8,18);
H->addLayout(local, 0, i*20+1, 1,19);
}
QSpacerItem *vSpace1;
vSpace1 = new QSpacerItem(20,40,QSizePolicy::Minimum, QSizePolicy::Expanding);
child2->addLayout(H,layer,0,1,1);
}
dialog->setLayout(parent);
dialog->setModal(true);
dialog->show();
for(int layer=0; layer < 3; layer++)
{
for(int i=0; i<4; i++)
{
char flag[100];
sprintf(flag,"%d%d",layer,i);
status[layer][i]->setText(flag);
}
}
}
void Dialog::view()
{
int ret = QMessageBox::information(this, tr("提示"), tr("click view!"), QMessageBox::Ok);
}
void Dialog::check()
{
int row, col;
QPushButton *btn=qobject_cast<QPushButton*>(sender());
for(int layer=0; layer < 3; layer++)
{
for(int i=0; i<4; i++)
{
if(btn == status[layer][i])
{
row = layer;
col = i;
}
}
}
char flag[100];
sprintf(flag,"click %d%d",row,col);
int ret = QMessageBox::information(this, tr("提示"), tr(flag), QMessageBox::Ok);
}
可看到弹跳出来的对话框的界面样式是通过代码实现的
6.调用自己手动设计的对话框界面
(1) 手动设计对话框，新建界面模板
（2）可看到会同时生成头文件和对应的源文件
（3）自定义对话框界面简单设计为如下
（4）在自动生成的mydialog.h文件中添加如下代码（红色下划线，加一个槽函数）
（5）在dialog.h中添加如下代码
（6）在dialog.cpp中添加如下代码
（7）mydialog.cpp中代码修改为如下
#include "mydialog.h"
#include "ui_mydialog.h"
#include "dialog.h"
MyDialog::MyDialog(QWidget *parent) :
QDialog(parent),
ui(new Ui::MyDialog)
{
ui->setupUi(this);
connect(ui->pushButton,SIGNAL(clicked()),this,SLOT(update()));
}
MyDialog::~MyDialog()
{
delete ui;
}
void MyDialog::update()
{
extern Dialog *ex;
QString command=ui->lineEdit->text();
QByteArray ba=command.toLocal8Bit();
char *mm=ba.data();
ex->Showinfo(mm);
}
（8）在dialog.cpp开头添加如下代码
同时加入如下语句
同时在slot1函数末尾添加如下代码：
执行运行效果如下：
点击PushButton按钮
点击confirm按钮后
7.调用自己定义的类
，新建一个myClass类，其中头文件myClass.h中代码如下：
#ifndef MYCLASS_H
#define MYCLASS_H
#endif // MYCLASS_H
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <sstream>
#include <qmessagebox.h>
#include <QDebug>
using namespace std;
class myClass
{
public:
myClass(void);
~myClass(void);
string name;
QString name2;
bool printInfo();
};
myClass.cpp
#include "myClass.h"
myClass::myClass(void)
{
}
myClass::~myClass(void)
{
}
bool myClass::printInfo()
{
qDebug() << name2;
}
在dialog.cpp中添加下#include "myClass.h"包含语句，同时在slot1中增加如下代码
myClass w;
w.name2 = "jack";
w.printInfo();8.开启线程
创建了myThread线程类，其中myThread.h中代码如下：
#ifndef MYTHREAD_H
#define MYTHREAD_H
#endif // MYTHREAD_H
#include <QThread>
class myThread : public QThread
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
myThread(QObject *parent=0,char *name=0);
~myThread();
char info[2048];
private:
protected:
void run();
signals:
void signal_show(char*);
};
myThread.cpp中代码如下：
#include "myThread.h"
#include <QMutex>
QMutex m_lock(QMutex::Recursive);
myThread::myThread(QObject *parent, char name[])
{
sprintf(info, "%s", name);
}
myThread::~myThread()
{
}
void myThread::run()
{
// m_lock.lock();
//if(strstr(info,"s")) //可以就实现一个线程类，但可以根据不同的输入实现不同的功能
//{
//char temp[100];
// sprintf(temp, "%s", "hello world");
emit signal_show(info);
// }
// m_lock.unlock();
}
其余dialog.h中代码为：
#ifndef DIALOG_H
#define DIALOG_H
#include <QDialog>
#include <QGroupBox>
#include <QLabel>
#include <qmessagebox.h>
QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
namespace Ui { class Dialog; }
QT_END_NAMESPACE
class Dialog : public QDialog
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
Dialog(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
~Dialog();
public:
//全局变量
QGroupBox *groupBox[10][10];
QPushButton *status[10][10];
public:
void Showinfo(char *info);
private:
Ui::Dialog *ui;
signals:
void signal_define(QString);
private slots:
void slot1();
void slot_define(QString);
void TestDefineGUI();
void view();
void check();
void thread_slot(char*);
};
#endif // DIALOG_H
dialog.cpp中代码如下：
#include "dialog.h"
#include "ui_dialog.h"
#include "mydialog.h"
#include "myClass.h"
#include "myThread.h"
#include "windows.h"
#include <unistd.h>
Dialog *ex = NULL;
Dialog::Dialog(QWidget *parent)
: QDialog(parent)
, ui(new Ui::Dialog)
{
ui->setupUi(this);
connect(this, SIGNAL(signal_define(QString)),this,SLOT(slot_define(QString)));
connect(ui->pushButton_2, SIGNAL(clicked()), this, SLOT(TestDefineGUI()));
ex=this;
}
Dialog::~Dialog()
{
delete ui;
}
void Dialog::slot1()
{
ui->textEdit_1->setText("has be triggered");
QString qstring = "test2";
emit signal_define(qstring);
MyDialog *mydialog = new MyDialog(ex);
mydialog->exec();
myClass w;
w.name2 = "jack";
w.printInfo();
char s[100];
sprintf(s, "s");
myThread *thread = new myThread(this, s);
connect(thread, SIGNAL(signal_show(char*)), this, SLOT(thread_slot(char*)));
thread->start();
qDebug() << "over";
}
void Dialog::thread_slot(char* command)
{
QString string = command;
while(true)
{
qDebug() << string;
Sleep(2000);
}
}
void Dialog::slot_define(QString ccmd)
{
ui->textEdit_2->setText(ccmd);
}
void Dialog::TestDefineGUI()
{
ui->textEdit_3->setText("Test Gui");
//设置字体
QFont font1;
font1.setFamily(QString::fromUtf8("Times New Roman"));
//font1.setBold(true);
//font1.setItalic(true);
font1.setPointSize(16);
//自定义对话框
QDialog *dialog = new QDialog(this);
QGridLayout *parent = new QGridLayout;
QGridLayout *child1 = new QGridLayout;
QGridLayout *child2 = new QGridLayout;
parent->addLayout(child1, 0, 0, 1,1);
parent->addLayout(child2, 1, 0, 30, 1);
QLabel *info = new QLabel;
info->setText(tr("代码设计界面"));
QPushButton *view = new QPushButton;
view->setText("view");
view->setFont(font1);
connect(view, SIGNAL(clicked()), this, SLOT(view()));
QSpacerItem *hSpace1;
hSpace1 = new QSpacerItem(40,20,QSizePolicy::Expanding, QSizePolicy::Minimum);
child1->addWidget(info,0,0,1,1);
child1->addItem(hSpace1, 0,2,1,2);
child1->addWidget(view, 0,5,1,1);
for(int layer=0; layer < 3; layer++)
{
QGridLayout *H=new QGridLayout;
for(int i=0; i<4; i++)
{
QGridLayout *local = new QGridLayout;
groupBox[layer][i] = new QGroupBox(this);
QPalette p = groupBox[layer][i]->palette();
p.setColor(QPalette::WindowText, Qt::green);
groupBox[layer][i]->setPalette(p);
status[layer][i] = new QPushButton(groupBox[layer][i]);
status[layer][i]->setFont(font1);
connect(status[layer][i],SIGNAL(clicked()),this,SLOT(check()));
local->addWidget(groupBox[layer][i],0,0,20,20);
local->addWidget(status[layer][i], 9, 1,8,18);
H->addLayout(local, 0, i*20+1, 1,19);
}
QSpacerItem *vSpace1;
vSpace1 = new QSpacerItem(20,40,QSizePolicy::Minimum, QSizePolicy::Expanding);
child2->addLayout(H,layer,0,1,1);
}
dialog->setLayout(parent);
dialog->setModal(true); //模态对话框
dialog->show();
for(int layer=0; layer < 3; layer++)
{
for(int i=0; i<4; i++)
{
char flag[100];
sprintf(flag,"%d%d",layer,i);
status[layer][i]->setText(flag);
}
}
}
void Dialog::view()
{
int ret = QMessageBox::information(this, tr("提示"), tr("click view!"), QMessageBox::Ok);
}
void Dialog::check()
{
int row, col;
QPushButton *btn=qobject_cast<QPushButton*>(sender());
for(int layer=0; layer < 3; layer++)
{
for(int i=0; i<4; i++)
{
if(btn == status[layer][i])
{
row = layer;
col = i;
}
}
}
char flag[100];
sprintf(flag,"click %d%d",row,col);
int ret = QMessageBox::information(this, tr("提示"), tr(flag), QMessageBox::Ok);
}
void Dialog::Showinfo(char *info)
{
ui->textEdit_1->setText(info);
}
执行结果如下，可看到线程中的while死循环并没有阻塞主线程代码的执行
这边再附上该篇帖子的测试工程程序，链接如下：
链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1bsyksfotjux_4DdW3B6w3A
提取码：sbjb
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