纳什均衡存在性：Brouwer , Sperner and Nash

Lecturer: Constantinos Daskalakis

Nash & Brouwer

Brouwer’s Fixed Point Theorm

Fixed Point Theorem [Brouwer’10]

Let $f: D\rightarrow D$ be a continuous function from a convex and compact (closed and bounded) subset $D$ of the Euclidean space to itself. Then, there exists an $x\in D$ s.t. $x=f(x)$.

这个定理表明：在二维球面上，任意映到自身的一一连续映射，必定至少有一个点是不变的。他把这一定理推广到高维球面。尤其是，在n维球内映到自身的任意连续映射至少有一个不动点。

Existence of Equilibrium in Finite Game [Nash’50]

A Nash equilibrium exists in every finite game.

Brouwer $\Rightarrow$ Nash

Let $f: \Delta_n \times \Delta_m \rightarrow \Delta_n \times \Delta_m$, and assume $f(x, y) \rightarrow (x', y')$. Define

$$Gain_i^R = \max (0, e_i^TRy - x^TRy)$$ , and let

∀i:, x′i=xi+GainRi(x,y)1+∑nk=1GainRi(x,y)∀j:, y′i=yi+GainCj(x,y)1+∑mk=