POJ - 3685 Matrix（二分/查找第k大值）

问题描述

Given a N × N matrix A, whose element in the i-th row and j-th column Aij is an number that equals i^2 + 100000 × i + j^2 - 100000 × j + i × j, you are to find the M-th smallest element in the matrix.

Input
The first line of input is the number of test case.
For each test case there is only one line contains two integers, N(1 ≤ N ≤ 50,000) and M(1 ≤ M ≤ N × N). There is a blank line before each test case.

Output
For each test case output the answer on a single line.

Sample Input

12
1 1
2 1
2 2
2 3
2 4
3 1
3 2
3 8
3 9
5 1
5 25
5 10

Sample Output

3
-99993
3
12
100007
-199987
-99993
100019
200013
-399969
400031
-99939

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分析：

这个问题也是典型的查找第k大值，所以依然用二分法，和POJ-3579这题有着异曲同工之处。
分析一下这个式子i^2 + 100000 × i + j^2 - 100000 × j + i × j
我们发现如果定j的话，式子随着i单调递增，那么这样就可以先循环j，内部用二分i来统计小于d的共有多少个数，然后最后判断是否小于M，小于M就是d弄的小了。二分套二分

#include<cstdio>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
ll N,M;

ll f(ll i, ll j)
{
    return i * i + 100000 * i + j * j - 100000 * j + i * j;
}

bool C(ll d)
{
    ll cnt = 0;
    for(int j=1; j<N+1; j++)
    {
        ll lb = 0, ub = N+1;
        while(ub - lb > 1)
        {
            ll i = (ub + lb) / 2;
            if(f(i, j) < d)
            {
                lb = i;
            }   
            else ub = i;
        } 
        cnt += lb;
    }
    return cnt < M;
}

void solve()
{
    ll lb = -100000*N, ub = N * N + 100000 * N + N * N + N * N;
    while(ub - lb > 1)
    {
        ll mid = (lb + ub) / 2;
        if(C(mid)) lb = mid;
        else ub = mid;
    }
    printf("%lld\n", lb);
}

int main()
{
    int T;
    scanf("%d",&T);
    while(T--)
    {
        scanf("%d%d",&N, &M);
        solve();    
    }   
    return 0;
}