[Unity3D] MaterialPropertyBlock

本文Demo参照https://blog.uwa4d.com/archives/1983.html，关于CPU耗时，作者已经分析的极为详细了。我在此补充下渲染相关的数据。

官方API：
https://docs.unity3d.com/ScriptReference/MaterialPropertyBlock.html

跟原作者相同的例子，创建100个Cube，分别测试Render.material.color和Render.SetPropertyBlock的性能。

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using UnityEngine;
using UnityEngine.Profiling;
using Debug = UnityEngine.Debug;
using Random = UnityEngine.Random;

public class MaterialTest : MonoBehaviour
{
    [SerializeField] private GameObject prefabGO;

    private int ColorId;
    private List<Renderer> list1;
    private List<Renderer> list2;

    private MaterialPropertyBlock mpb;
    
    // Start is called before the first frame update
    private void Awake()
    {
        list1 = new List<Renderer>();
        list2 = new List<Renderer>();
        ColorId = Shader.PropertyToID("_Color");
        mpb = new MaterialPropertyBlock();
    }

    void Start()
    {
        int UPPER = 100;
        for (int i = 0; i < UPPER; i++)
        {
            GameObject go = Instantiate(prefabGO, new Vector3(
                    Random.Range(-2f, 2f),
                    Random.Range(-5f, 5f),
                    Random.Range(-5f, 5f)
                ),
                Quaternion.Euler(Random.Range(0f, 360f),
                    Random.Range(0f, 360f),
                    Random.Range(0f, 360f)),
                transform);
            list1.Add(go.GetComponent<Renderer>());
            
//            list1[i].GetPropertyBlock(mpb);
//            mpb.SetColor(ColorId, new Color(Random.Range(0f,1f), Random.Range(0f,1f), Random.Range(0f,1f)));
//            list1[i].SetPropertyBlock(mpb);
        }
        
        
//        for (int i = 0; i < UPPER; i++)
//        {
//            GameObject go = Instantiate(prefabGO, new Vector3(
//                    Random.Range(-2f, 2f),
//                    Random.Range(-5f, 5f),
//                    Random.Range(-5f, 5f)
//                ),
//                Quaternion.Euler(Random.Range(0f, 360f),
//                    Random.Range(0f, 360f),
//                    Random.Range(0f, 360f)),
//                transform);
//            list2.Add(go.GetComponent<Renderer>());
//        }
    }

    // Update is called once per frame
    void Update()
    {
        GetComponent<Renderer>();
        Profiler.BeginSample("mat_1");
        if (Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.LeftArrow))
        {
            Stopwatch sw = new Stopwatch();
            sw.Start();
            int UPPER = list1.Count;
           
            for (int i = 0; i < UPPER; i++)
            {
                list1[i].material.color = Color.cyan;
            }
            
            sw.Stop();
            Debug.LogFormat("Test1 = total: {0:F4} ms {1}", (float)sw.ElapsedTicks * 1000 / Stopwatch.Frequency, Stopwatch.Frequency);
        }
        else if (Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.RightArrow))
        {
            Stopwatch sw = new Stopwatch();
            sw.Start();
            int UPPER = list1.Count;
            for (int i = 0; i < UPPER; i++)
            {
                //All the cases support GPU Instance
                
                list1[i].GetPropertyBlock(mpb);
                
                //Case 1: Rand Color --- Can not support  Dynamic Batch canse different MaterialPropertyBlock set.
                mpb.SetColor(ColorId, new Color(Random.Range(0f,1f), Random.Range(0f,1f), Random.Range(0f,1f)));
                
                //Case 2: Same Color --- Support Dynamic Batch
                //mpb.SetColor(ColorId, Color.yellow);
                
                list1[i].SetPropertyBlock(mpb);
            }
            sw.Stop();
            Debug.LogFormat("Test2 = total: {0:F4} ms", (float)sw.ElapsedTicks * 1000 / Stopwatch.Frequency);
        }
        
        Profiler.EndSample();
    }
}

总结：

1. 使用Render.material.color缺点：

• 产生Mat(Instance)，造成GC。根据SharedMat实例化一个Mat，再赋值给Render。
• 无法Dynamic Batch，即使修改成相同颜色也不可以，因为材质不同。（Batch必须相同材质、相同材质属性块）
  

2. Renderer.SetPropertyBlock优点

• 不会产生Mat(Instance)额外内存
• 不开启GPU Instance状态下，修改为相同颜色，可以Dynamic Batch
• 不开启GPU Instance状态下，修改为不同颜色，不可以Dynamic Batch，因为材质属性块不同
• 开启GPU Instance状态下，不管颜色是否相同，都可以Batch

3.温故下GPU Instance的知识

“如果绘制1000个物体，它将一个模型的vbo提交给一次给显卡，至于1000个物体不同的位置，状态，颜色等等将他们整合成一个per instance attribute的buffer给gpu，在显卡上区别绘制，它大大减少提交次数”

参考【leonwei的Blog】：
https://blog.csdn.net/leonwei/article/details/73274808

4.纯色Shader支持GPU Instance

Shader "LeomonDream/PureColorShader"
{
    Properties
    {
        _Color ("Color", Color) = (1,1,1,1)
        _MainTex ("Albedo (RGB)", 2D) = "white" {}
    }
    SubShader
    {
        Tags { "RenderType"="Opaque" }
        LOD 100
        
        Pass
        {                
            CGPROGRAM
// Upgrade NOTE: excluded shader from DX11; has structs without semantics (struct appdata members uv_MainTex)
#pragma exclude_renderers d3d11
            #pragma vertex vert
            #pragma fragment frag 
            #pragma multi_compile_instancing
            #include "UnityCG.cginc"
            
            sampler2D _MainTex;
            struct appdata
            {
                float4 vertex : POSITION;
                UNITY_VERTEX_INPUT_INSTANCE_ID
                
                float2 uv : TEXCOORD0;
            };
            
            struct v2f
            {
                fixed4 vertex : SV_POSITION;
                UNITY_VERTEX_INPUT_INSTANCE_ID
                
                float2 uv : TEXCOORD0;
            };
            
            UNITY_INSTANCING_BUFFER_START(Props)
                UNITY_DEFINE_INSTANCED_PROP(float4, _Color)
            UNITY_INSTANCING_BUFFER_END(Props)
            
            v2f vert(appdata v)
            {
                v2f o;
                
                UNITY_SETUP_INSTANCE_ID(v);
                UNITY_TRANSFER_INSTANCE_ID(v, o);
                
                o.vertex = UnityObjectToClipPos(v.vertex);
                o.uv = v.uv;
                return o;
            }
            
            fixed4 frag (v2f i) : SV_Target
            {
                UNITY_SETUP_INSTANCE_ID(i);
                fixed4 c = tex2D(_MainTex, i.uv) * UNITY_ACCESS_INSTANCED_PROP(Props, _Color);
                return c;
            }
            ENDCG
        }
    }
    FallBack "Diffuse"
}