{ min ω , b 1 2 ω T ω s . t . y i ( ω T x i + b ) ≥ 1 ⇔ 1 − y i ( ω T x i + b ) ≤ 0 , i = 1 , 2 , ⋯ , N ⏟ N 个约束 \left\{\begin{aligned}&\mathop{\text{min }}\limits_{\omega,b} \frac{1}{2}\omega^{T}\omega\\&s.t.y_{i}(\omega^{T}x_{i}+b)\geq 1\Leftrightarrow 1-y_{i}(\omega^{T}x_{i}+b)\leq 0,\underbrace{i=1,2,\cdots,N}_{N个约束}\end{aligned}\right. ⎩
⎨
⎧ω,bmin 21ωTωs.t.yi(ωTxi+b)≥1⇔1−yi(ωTxi+b)≤0,N个约束
i=1,2,⋯,N
构建拉格朗日函数
L ( ω , b , λ ) = 1 2 ω T ω + ∑ i = 1 N λ i [ 1 − y i ( ω T x i + b ) ] L(\omega,b,\lambda)=\frac{1}{2}\omega^{T}\omega+\sum\limits_{i=1}^{N}\lambda_{i}[1-y_{i}(\omega^{T}x_{i}+b)] L(ω,b,λ)=21ωTω+i=1∑Nλi[1−yi(ωTxi+b)]
注意这里 L L L括号里面的 λ \lambda λ为 N × 1 N \times 1 N×1,等号右边的 λ i \lambda_{i} λi为 1 × 1 1 \times 1 1×1
拉格朗日乘子法具体后面文章会解释
例如本题,如果 1 − y i ( ω T x i + b ) > 0 1-y_{i}(\omega^{T}x_{i}+b)>0 1−yi(ωTxi+b)>0,
max λ L ( λ , ω , b ) = 1 2 ω T ω + ∞ = ∞ \mathop{\text{max }}\limits_{\lambda}L(\lambda,\omega,b)=\frac{1}{2}\omega^{T}\omega+ \infty=\infty λmax L(λ,ω,b)=21ωTω+∞=∞
如果 1 − y i ( ω T x i + b ) ≤ 0 1-y_{i}(\omega^{T}x_{i}+b)\leq 0 1−yi(ωTxi+b)≤0
max λ L ( λ , ω , b ) = 1 2 ω T ω + 0 = 1 2 ω T ω \mathop{\text{max }}\limits_{\lambda}L(\lambda,\omega,b)=\frac{1}{2}\omega^{T}\omega+0=\frac{1}{2}\omega^{T}\omega λmax L(λ,ω,b)=21ωTω+0=21ωTω
因此有
min ω , b max λ L ( λ , ω , b ) = min ω , b ( ∞ , 1 2 ω T ω ) = min ω , b 1 2 ω T ω \mathop{\text{min }}\limits_{\omega,b}\mathop{\text{max }}\limits_{\lambda}L(\lambda,\omega,b)=\mathop{\text{min }}\limits_{\omega,b}(\infty, \frac{1}{2}\omega^{T}\omega)=\mathop{\text{min }}\limits_{\omega,b} \frac{1}{2}\omega^{T}\omega ω,bmin λmax L(λ,ω,b)=ω,bmin (∞,21ωTω)=ω,bmin 21ωTω
因此该问题的无约束形式为
min ω , b max λ L ( ω , b , λ ) , s . t . λ i ≥ 0 \mathop{\text{min }}\limits_{\omega,b}\mathop{\text{max }}\limits_{\lambda}L(\omega,b,\lambda),s.t.\lambda_{i}\geq 0 ω,bmin λmax <