http://www.2cto.com/kf/201402/280177.html
lua语言中没有真正意义的面向对象,而是通过函数模拟面向对象。我们来看是怎么一步步演化的。
1. 基本的函数
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People = {}
function People.sayHi()
print(
"Hi, nice to meet you."
)
end
People.sayHi();
People.sayHi = function()
print(
"Hi, nice to meet you from func"
)
end
People.sayHi();
-- 上面的两种方法效果是一样的
--result:
--Hi, nice to meet you.
--Hi, nice to meet you from func
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2. 首先说说怎样遍历table的,(在lua中对象实际就是table,对象.字段名 == table[字段名],所以有必要先讲讲怎么遍历table),用到pairs函数
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local arr = {
"one"
,
"two"
, [
"one"
] =
"xxx"
, [
"two"
] =
"yyy"
}
local intValue =
3
for
key, val in pairs(arr)
do
print(
"value of "
..key..
" is "
..val)
end
--输出table所有的属性,包括“数组”属性
--value of
1
is one
--value of
2
is two
--value of one is xxx
--value of two is yyy
for
key, val in ipairs(arr)
do
--友情介绍另外一个函数 ipairs
print(
"value of "
..key..
" is "
..val)
end
--只输出table的“数组”属性
--value of
1
is one
--value of
2
is two
for
key, val in pairs(intValue)
do
print(
"value of "
..key..
" is "
..val)
end
-- 不是table 在调用pairs函数的时候跑出异常
-- bad argument #
1
to
'pairs'
(table expected, got number)
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3. 原来的样子其实没new什么事,长得跟new差好远,不信你看
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-- 工具函数
function clone(origin)
local dest = {}
for
key, value in pairs(origin)
do
dest[key] = value
end
return
dest;
end
--定义类
People = {}
People.sayHi = function()
print(
"Hi, nice to meet you from func"
)
end
--用类生产对象,对象有了类的方法
p = clone(People) --样子确实差的好多,一点都不优雅
new
Peopel()这样写多优雅呀, lua是不是干不了这活儿
p.sayHi();
--result: 结果倒是对了,但是样子太不优雅,我不接受这么难看的写法。。。
--Hi, nice to meet you from func
--Hi, nice to meet you from func
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4. 换个模样,我们把clone函数偷偷的封装到一个名字叫new的函数中,修改最后两行代码(从p = clone(People)开始之后的代码替换为下面的样子)(这一步是关键)
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function People.
new
()
self = clone(People)
return
self
end
--用类生产对象,对象有了类的方法
--p = clone(People)
--这句话被封装到
new
函数中
p = People.
new
()
p.sayHi();
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哈哈,是不是可以new对象了。 哎,真是穿个马甲还真是认不出来了。。。(除非看了这篇文章,哈哈,胡扯的,大牛们早就有文章了)
5. 我们想让对象支持 带参数的new(相当于java中带参数的构造函数 如 new String("parameter")),对People整个‘类’重写,
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--定义类
People = {}
People.sayHi = function(self)
print(
"Hi, nice to meet you from func, My name is "
..self._name) -- 输出_name字段
--这一行会报错,attempt to index local
'self'
(a nil value)
--因为下面调用方式是p.sayHi()
end
function People.
new
(name)
self = clone(People)
self._name = name --用构造参数初始化_name字段
return
self
end
--用类生产对象,对象有了类的方法
--p = clone(People)
--这句话被封装到
new
函数中
p = People.
new
(
"stephen"
)
p.sayHi();
--result:
--attempt to index local
'self'
(a nil value)
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靠,搞了个参数就报错了,空指针,,没办法我们只能将指针传进去
p.sayHi() - - -->p.sayHi(p)
- -结果 改正确了
- -Hi, nice to meet you from func, My name is stephen
哈哈搞定输出来了。
但是
p.sayHi(p)
这个写法也太丑了吧,人家java c++ 程序员会鄙视这么难看的写法的,好,lua帮我们美化一下
p.sayHi(p) - - -> p:sayHi()
- -结果正确
- -Hi, nice to meet you from func, My name is stephen
用冒号(:)代替点号(.),lua会自动帮我们变形,将点号前面的对象传递给参数。
例如 lilei:setGirlFriend("hanmeimei") - - ->lilei.setGirlFriend(lilei, "hanmeimei")
弯子转过去了,,在lua中用函数实现了面向对象。
6.等等,继承又怎么实现呢??
哈哈,下面的代码演示一下
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-- 工具函数
function clone(origin)
local dest = {}
for
key, value in pairs(origin)
do
dest[key] = value
end
return
dest;
end
--定义类
People = {}
People.sayHi = function(self) --父类上的方法
print(
"Hi, nice to meet you from func, My name is "
..self._name) -- 输出_name字段
--这一行会报错,attempt to index local
'self'
(a nil value)
--因为下面调用方式是p.sayHi()
end
People.eat = function()
print(
"Different people eat different thing"
)
end
People.
new
= function(name)
self = clone(People)
self._name = name --用构造参数初始化_name字段
return
self
end
function copy(dest, tab)
for
key, val in pairs(tab)
do
dest[key] = val
end
end
-- 定义子类
Chinese = {}
Chinese.
new
= function(name, hukou)
self = People.
new
(name); --
new
父类对象实现继承
self._hukou = hukou
copy(self, Chinese) -- 子类上面的 特有的属性也附着到self上面
return
self
end
Chinese.eat = function() -- 覆盖父类方法
print(
"Eat mantou"
)
end
Chinese.buyHouse = function()
print(
"Can not afford at all"
)
end
lisi = Chinese.
new
(
"lisi"
,
"hebei"
)
print(lisi._name..
" is from "
..lisi._hukou) -- 父类的成员和自己的成员
lisi:sayHi() -- 继承父类方法
lisi:eat() -- 覆盖父类方法
lisi:buyHouse() -- 子类独有的方法
--result
--lisi is from hebei
--Hi, nice to meet you from func, My name is lisi
--Eat mantou
--Can not afford at all
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继承也搞定了,,收工