中断编程入门

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一、中断原理

中断：在主程序运行过程中，出现了特定的中断触发条件（中断源），使得CPU暂停当前正在运行的程序，转而去处理中断程序，处理完成后又返回原来被暂停的位置继续运行

中断优先级：当有多个中断源同时申请中断时，CPU会根据中断源的轻重缓急进行裁决，优先响应更加紧急的中断源

中断嵌套：当一个中断程序正在运行时，又有新的更高优先级的中断源申请中断，CPU再次暂停当前中断程序，转而去处理新的中断程序，处理完成后依次进行返回

中断执行流程：

AFIO复用IO口：

二、中断控制LED灯

1.实验要求

用stm32F103核心板的GPIOA端一管脚接一个LED，GPIOB端口一引脚接一个开关（用杜邦线模拟代替）。采用中断模式编程，当开关接高电平时，LED亮灯；接低电平时，LED灭灯。

2.代码部分

exit_key.c

#include "exit_key.h"
#include "misc.h"

void EXTI_Key_Init(void)
{	
    GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
    RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA | RCC_APB2Periph_AFIO, ENABLE);
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_9; 
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IN_FLOATING;
    GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);
    NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;
    NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_2);
    NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = EXTI9_5_IRQn; 
    NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 0;
    NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 1;
    NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;
    NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure); 
    EXTI_InitTypeDef EXTI_InitStructure;
    EXTI_ClearITPendingBit(EXTI_Line9);  
    GPIO_EXTILineConfig(GPIO_PortSourceGPIOA, GPIO_PinSource9); // 对应PA9引脚
    EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_Line = EXTI_Line9;
    EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_Mode = EXTI_Mode_Interrupt;
    EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_Trigger = EXTI_Trigger_Falling;
    EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_LineCmd = ENABLE;
    EXTI_Init(&EXTI_InitStructure);
}

exit_key.h

#ifndef __EXTI_KEY_H
#define __EXTI_KEY_H
#include "stm32f10x.h"
void EXTI_Key_Init(void);
#endif

main.c

#include "stm32f10x.h"
#include "led.h"
#include "exit_key.h"

int main(void)
{
    LED_Init();
    GPIO_ResetBits(GPIOB, GPIO_Pin_5);
    EXTI_Key_Init(); //初始化函数
    while(1)
    {
    }
}

void EXTI9_5_IRQHandler(void) 
{
    if(EXTI_GetITStatus(EXTI_Line9) != RESET) 
    {
        GPIO_WriteBit(GPIOB, GPIO_Pin_5, (BitAction)((1 - GPIO_ReadOutputDataBit(GPIOB, GPIO_Pin_5))));
        EXTI_ClearITPendingBit(EXTI_Line9); 
    }
}

3.效果展示

三、中断通信实验

1.实验要求

（1）当stm32接收到1个字符“s”时，停止持续发送“hello windows!”; 当接收到1个字符“t”时，持续发送“hello windows!”（提示：采用一个全局标量做信号灯）；

（2）当stm32接收到字符“stop stm32!”时，停止持续发送“hello windows!”; 当接收到字符“go stm32!”时，持续发送“hello windows!”(提示：要将接收到的连续字符保存到一个字符数组里，进行判别匹配。写一个接收字符串的函数。

2.代码实现及效果实现

main.c

#include "stm32f10x.h"                 
#include "Delay.h"
int send=0;//设置标志位
void hellowindows()
{
	if(send==1)
	{
	int i;
	char a [14]={'h','e','l','l','o','w','i','n','d','o','w','s','!',' '};
	for (i = 0; i < 14; i++)
	{
	USART_SendData(USART1,a[i]);
	while (USART_GetFlagStatus(USART1, USART_FLAG_TXE) == RESET);
	}
	Delay_s(1);
  }
}
void USART1_IRQHandler(void)
{
   if(USART_GetITStatus(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE) != RESET)
    {
        uint8_t receivedChar = USART_ReceiveData(USART1);
        
        if (receivedChar == 's')
        {
            send = 0;
        }
        else if (receivedChar == 't')
        {
            send = 1;
        }
    }   
}
int main(void)
{
	USART_InitTypeDef USART_InitStructure;
     // 1，打开时钟---GPIOA（串口1），AFIO
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_USART1|RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA,ENABLE);
	 // 2，GPIO初始化
  GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
  GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin  =GPIO_Pin_9;
  GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed=GPIO_Speed_50MHz; 
  GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode =GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;
  GPIO_Init(GPIOA,&GPIO_InitStructure );
    
  GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_10;
  GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode=GPIO_Mode_IN_FLOATING;
  GPIO_Init(GPIOA,&GPIO_InitStructure);
	// 3，串口初始化
	USART_InitStructure.USART_BaudRate = 9600;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_WordLength= USART_WordLength_8b;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_StopBits= USART_StopBits_1;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_Parity = USART_Parity_No;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_Mode=USART_Mode_Tx|USART_Mode_Rx;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_HardwareFlowControl=USART_HardwareFlowControl_None;
	USART_Init(USART1, &USART_InitStructure);
    USART_ClearFlag(USART1, USART_FLAG_TC);
    // 配置中断源
    USART_ITConfig(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE, ENABLE);//当USART串口接收到数据的时候，就触发USART中断
	
	// 4.给这个中断源配置相应的抢占优先级和执行优先级
		NVIC_InitTypeDef  NVIC_InitStructure;
		NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = USART1_IRQn;      
		NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority=3; //设置抢占（主）优先级    
		NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority =3;      // 设置子优先级   
		NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;             
		NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);    
    // 5，使能串口
		USART_Cmd(USART1, ENABLE);
	while(1)
	{
		hellowindows();
	}
}

效果：

#include "stm32f10x.h"                 
#include "Delay.h"
int send=0;//全局变量，记录状态
int count=0;//全局变量，表示缓冲区的数组的下标
char  receive_data[11];//接收缓存区
void  receive_data_init()//接收缓存区初始化
{
	count=0;
	for(int i=0;i<11;i++)
	{
		receive_data[i]=0;
	}
}
void hellowindows()
{
	if(send==1)//当send为1，输出hellowindows！
	{
	int i;
	char a [14]={'h','e','l','l','o','w','i','n','d','o','w','s','!',' '};
	for (i = 0; i < 14; i++)
	{
	USART_SendData(USART1,a[i]);
	while (USART_GetFlagStatus(USART1, USART_FLAG_TXE) == RESET);
	}
	Delay_s(1);//延时1s
  }
}
void USART1_IRQHandler(void)//中断函数，接收数据存入接收缓冲区
{
   if(USART_GetITStatus(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE) != RESET)//判断中断是接收数据中断
    {
       receive_data[count]= USART_ReceiveData(USART1); //接收字符
				count++;
    } 

	}
int main(void)
{
	USART_InitTypeDef USART_InitStructure;
     // 1，打开时钟---GPIOA（串口1），AFIO
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_USART1|RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA,ENABLE);
	 // 2，GPIO初始化
  GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
  GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin  =GPIO_Pin_9;
  GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed=GPIO_Speed_50MHz; 
  GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode =GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;
  GPIO_Init(GPIOA,&GPIO_InitStructure );
    
  GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_10;
  GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode=GPIO_Mode_IN_FLOATING;
  GPIO_Init(GPIOA,&GPIO_InitStructure);
	// 3，串口初始化
	USART_InitStructure.USART_BaudRate = 9600;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_WordLength= USART_WordLength_8b;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_StopBits= USART_StopBits_1;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_Parity = USART_Parity_No;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_Mode=USART_Mode_Tx|USART_Mode_Rx;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_HardwareFlowControl=USART_HardwareFlowControl_None;
	USART_Init(USART1, &USART_InitStructure);
    USART_ClearFlag(USART1, USART_FLAG_TC);
    // 配置中断源
    USART_ITConfig(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE, ENABLE);//当USART串口接收到数据的时候，就触发USART中断
	
	// 4.给这个中断源配置相应的抢占优先级和执行优先级
		NVIC_InitTypeDef  NVIC_InitStructure;
		NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = USART1_IRQn;      
		NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority=3; //设置抢占（主）优先级    
		NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority =3;      // 设置子优先级   
		NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;             
		NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);    
    // 5，使能串口
		USART_Cmd(USART1, ENABLE);
    //-----------------------------------------------（同上）---------------------------------------------------
    
		receive_data_init();//初始化接收缓存区
	while(1)
	{
		hellowindows();
		if ( strcmp(receive_data,"stop stm32!")==0)
				{
            			send = 0;//结束发送
						receive_data_init();
					
        }
else if (strcmp(receive_data,"go stm32!")==0)
        {
           				 send = 1;//发送数据
						receive_data_init();//重新初始化接收缓存区，以便下次接收数据
        }
	}
}

效果实现：

总结

本次实验了解了STM32中断编程的基础，使用中断来进行点灯操作，进一步来通过串口通信来完成相应数据的传输。