6–6 Encoders

An encoder is a combinational logic circuit that essentially performs a “reverse” decoder function. An encoder accepts an active level on one of its inputs representing a digit, such as a decimal or octal digit, and converts it to a coded output, such as BCD or binary. Encoders can also be devised to encode various symbols and alphabetic characters. The process of converting from familiar symbols or numbers to a coded format is called encoding.

编码器是一种组合逻辑电路，实质上执行了一个“反向”解码器功能。编码器接受一个表示数字（例如十进制或八进制数字）的输入上的有效电平，并将其转换为编码输出，例如BCD或二进制。编码器也可以被设计用来编码各种符号和字母字符。从熟悉的符号或数字转换为编码格式的过程称为编码。

完成本节后，您应该能够：

• 确定十进制到BCD编码器的逻辑
• 解释编码器中优先级功能的目的
• 描述74HC147十进制到BCD优先级编码器
• 使用VHDL描述一个十进制到BCD编码器
• 将编码器应用到特定的应用程序

The Decimal-to-BCD Encoder

 

 

 

The Decimal-to-BCD Priority Encoder

This type of encoder performs the same basic encoding function as previously discussed. A priority encoder also offers additional flexibility in that it can be used in applications that require priority detection. The priority function means that the encoder will produce a BCD output corresponding to the highest-order decimal digit input that is active and will ignore any other lower-order active inputs. For instance, if the 6 and the 3 inputs are both active, the BCD output is 0110 (which represents decimal 6).

这种类型的编码器执行与之前讨论的相同的基本编码功能。优先级编码器还提供了额外的灵活性，因为它可以用于需要优先级检测的应用程序。优先级功能意味着编码器将产生与最高位十进制数字输入相对应的BCD输出，并将忽略任何其他低位活动输入。例如，如果6和3输入都是活动的，则BCD输出为0110（代表十进制6）。

The ten decimal digits on a numeric keypad must be encoded for processing by the logic circuitry. In this example, when one of the keys is pressed, the decimal digit is encoded to the corresponding BCD code. Figure 6–39 shows a simple keyboard encoder arrangement using a priority encoder. The keys are represented by ten push-button switches, each with a pull-up resistor to +V. The pull-up resistor ensures that the line is HIGH when a key is not depressed. When a key is depressed, the line is connected to ground, and a LOW is applied to the corresponding encoder input. The zero key is not connected because the BCD output represents zero when none of the other keys is depressed.

The BCD complement output of the encoder goes into a storage device, and each successive BCD code is stored until the entire number has been entered. Methods of storing BCD numbers and binary data are covered in chapter 11.

数字键盘上的十个十进制数字必须被编码以供逻辑电路处理。在这个例子中，当按下其中一个键时，十进制数字被编码为相应的BCD码。图6-39显示了使用优先级编码器的简单键盘编码器排列。键由十个带有上拉电阻到+V的按钮开关表示。上拉电阻确保当键未被按下时，线路为高电平。当按下键时，线路连接到地，对应的编码器输入接收到低电平。零键未连接，因为当没有其他键被按下时，BCD输出表示零。

编码器的BCD补码输出进入存储设备，每个连续的BCD码被存储，直到整个数字被输入。存储BCD数和二进制数据的方法在第11章中介绍。