PCA算法原理分析

PCA即主成分分析算法，依赖于一个基本假设：人脸具有某些相似的特征，在图像空间中呈现出聚类性，形成一个子空间即特征子空间，PCA变换是最佳正交变换，利用变换基的线性组合可以来表述人脸，从而进行人脸识别。

训练阶段：

1.计算平均脸；2.计算差值脸；3.构建协方差矩阵；4.计算矩阵的特征值和特征向量；5.将人脸的差值脸投影到特征空间，从而得到每张人脸的特征。

识别阶段：

1.将待检测人脸图像的差值脸投影到特微空间，得到人脸特征；2、从训练集中取出所有人脸的特征脸，利用欧氏距离做相似性判断

Kyungnam Kim在其论文 Face Recognition using Principle Component Analysis

PCA的基本思想是从人脸图像中找出最能代表人脸的特征空间，人脸照片映射到这个特征空间的系数如果差不多，就表示为同一个人。

'Eigenface' Face Recognition System Written by: Amir Hossein Omidvarnia

基于PCA人脸识别的方法Eigenface

In general, you should follow this order:

1. Select training and test database paths.
2. Select path of the test image.
3. Run 'CreateDatabase' function to create 2D matrix of all training images.
4. Run 'EigenfaceCore' function to produce basis's of facespace.
5. Run 'Recognition' function to get the name of equivalent image in training database.

For your convenience, I have prepared sample training and test databases, which are parts 
of 'face94' Essex face database [2]. You just need to copy the above functions, along with 
the training and test databases into a specified path (for example 'work' path of your
MATLAB root). Then follow dialog boxes, which will appear upon running 'example.m'