游戏跟视频最大的区别就是互动,玩家可以操控游戏中的角色,现在的移动设备几乎人手一台,基本上全部都是基于触屏操作的,今天就来学习一下cocos2d-x是怎么实现对触屏操作的处理的。
1.首先来了解一下相关的几个类、处理触屏事件时操作和执行的流程
CCTouch:它封装了触摸点,可以通过locationInView函数返回一个CCPoint。
CCTouchDelegate:它是触摸事件委托,就是系统捕捉到触摸事件后交由它或者它的子类处理,所以我们在处理触屏事件时,必须得继承它。它封装了下面这些处理触屏事件的函数:
virtual
void
ccTouchesBegan(CCSet *pTouches, CCEvent *pEvent);
virtual
void
ccTouchesMoved(CCSet *pTouches, CCEvent *pEvent);
virtual
void
ccTouchesEnded(CCSet *pTouches, CCEvent *pEvent);
virtual
void
ccTouchesCancelled(CCSet *pTouches, CCEvent *pEvent);
virtual
bool
ccTouchBegan(CCTouch *pTouch, CCEvent *pEvent);
virtual
void
ccTouchMoved(CCTouch *pTouch, CCEvent *pEvent);
virtual
void
ccTouchEnded(CCTouch *pTouch, CCEvent *pEvent);
virtual
void
ccTouchCancelled(CCTouch *pTouch, CCEvent *pEvent);
ccTouchesCancelled和ccTouchCancelled函数很少用,在接到系统中断通知,需要取消触摸事件的时候才会调用此方法。如:应用长时间无响应、当前view从window上移除、触摸的时候来电话了等。
CCTargetedTouchDelegate和CCStandardTouchDelegate是CCTouchDelegate的子类,类结构图如下:
CCStandardTouchDelegate用于处理多点触摸;CCTargetedTouchDelegate用于处理单点触摸。
CCTouchDispatcher:实现触摸事件分发,它封装了下面这两个函数,可以把CCStandardTouchDelegate和CCTargetedTouchDelegate添加到分发列表中:
void
addStandardDelegate(CCTouchDelegate *pDelegate,
int
nPriority);
void
addTargetedDelegate(CCTouchDelegate *pDelegate,
int
nPriority,
bool
bSwallowsTouches);
CCTouchHandler:封装了CCTouchDelegate和其对应的优先级,优先级越高,分发的时候越容易获得事件处理权,CCStandardTouchHandler和CCTargetedTouchHandler是它的子类。
下面分析一下触屏事件处理和执行流程:
用户自定义类继承CCTouchDelegate,重写触屏事件处理函数和registerWithTouchDispatcher函数,在init或者onEnter函数中调用registerWithTouchDispatcher函数,如:
void
GameLayer::registerWithTouchDispatcher()
{
cocos2d::CCTouchDispatcher::sharedDispatcher()->addTargetedDelegate(
this
, 0,
true
);
}
void
CCTouchDispatcher::addTargetedDelegate(CCTouchDelegate *pDelegate,
int
nPriority,
bool
bSwallowsTouches)
{
CCTouchHandler *pHandler = CCTargetedTouchHandler::handlerWithDelegate(pDelegate, nPriority, bSwallowsTouches);
if
(! m_bLocked)
{
forceAddHandler(pHandler, m_pTargetedHandlers);
}
else
{
/**....*/
}
}
void
CCTouchDispatcher::forceAddHandler(CCTouchHandler *pHandler, CCMutableArray *pArray)
{
unsigned
int
u = 0;
CCMutableArray::CCMutableArrayIterator iter;
for
(iter = pArray->begin(); iter != pArray->end(); ++iter)
{
CCTouchHandler *h = *iter;
if
(h)
{
if
(h->getPriority() < pHandler->getPriority())
{
++u;
}
if
(h->getDelegate() == pHandler->getDelegate())
{
CCAssert(0,
""
);
return
;
}
}
}
pArray->insertObjectAtIndex(pHandler, u);
}
class
CC_DLL EGLTouchDelegate
{
public
:
virtual
void
touchesBegan(CCSet* touches, CCEvent* pEvent) = 0;
virtual
void
touchesMoved(CCSet* touches, CCEvent* pEvent) = 0;
virtual
void
touchesEnded(CCSet* touches, CCEvent* pEvent) = 0;
virtual
void
touchesCancelled(CCSet* touches, CCEvent* pEvent) = 0;
virtual
~EGLTouchDelegate() {}
};
void
CCTouchDispatcher::touchesBegan(CCSet *touches, CCEvent *pEvent)
{
if
(m_bDispatchEvents)
{
this
->touches(touches, pEvent, CCTOUCHBEGAN);
}
}
/**其他三个方法类似 **/
这几个触屏处理函数是由具体平台底层调用的,在AppDelegate.cpp中有这段代码:
CCDirector *pDirector = CCDirector::sharedDirector();
pDirector->setOpenGLView(&CCEGLView::sharedOpenGLView());
CCTouchDispatcher *pTouchDispatcher = CCTouchDispatcher::sharedDispatcher();
m_pobOpenGLView->setTouchDelegate(pTouchDispatcher);
pTouchDispatcher->setDispatchEvents(
true
);
调用了具体平台下的CCEGLView类中的setTouchDelegate函数。由于我是在windows平台下,所以CCEGLView此时对应CCEGLView_win32.h文件的CCEGLView类,对应的setTouchDelegate函数为:
void
setTouchDelegate(EGLTouchDelegate * pDelegate);
LRESULT
CCEGLView::WindowProc(
UINT
message,
WPARAM
wParam,
LPARAM
lParam)
{
switch
(message)
{
case
WM_LBUTTONDOWN:
if
(m_pDelegate && m_pTouch && MK_LBUTTON == wParam)
{
POINT pt = {(
short
)LOWORD(lParam), (
short
)HIWORD(lParam)};
if
(PtInRect(&m_rcViewPort, pt))
{
m_bCaptured =
true
;
SetCapture(m_hWnd);
m_pTouch->SetTouchInfo(0, (
float
)(pt.x - m_rcViewPort.left) / m_fScreenScaleFactor,
(
float
)(pt.y - m_rcViewPort.top) / m_fScreenScaleFactor);
m_pSet->addObject(m_pTouch);
m_pDelegate->touchesBegan(m_pSet, NULL);
}
}
break
;
case
WM_MOUSEMOVE:
if
(MK_LBUTTON == wParam && m_bCaptured)
{
m_pTouch->SetTouchInfo(0, (
float
)((
short
)LOWORD(lParam)- m_rcViewPort.left) / m_fScreenScaleFactor,
(
float
)((
short
)HIWORD(lParam) - m_rcViewPort.top) / m_fScreenScaleFactor);
m_pDelegate->touchesMoved(m_pSet, NULL);
}
break
;
case
WM_LBUTTONUP:
if
(m_bCaptured)
{
m_pTouch->SetTouchInfo(0, (
float
)((
short
)LOWORD(lParam)- m_rcViewPort.left) / m_fScreenScaleFactor,
(
float
)((
short
)HIWORD(lParam) - m_rcViewPort.top) / m_fScreenScaleFactor);
m_pDelegate->touchesEnded(m_pSet, NULL);
m_pSet->removeObject(m_pTouch);
ReleaseCapture();
m_bCaptured =
false
;
}
break
;
/** .... */
}
}
ok,现在应该明白了触屏操作相关函数的执行过程了,在其他平台下应该类似。
2. 实现触屏事件处理
知道了原理之后,实现起来就很简单了:定义一个CCTouchDelegate(或者其子类CCTargetedTouchDelegate/CCStandardTouchDelegate),然后重写那几个处理函数(began、move、end),并把定义好的CCTouchDelegate添加到分发列表中,在onExit函数中实现从分发列表中删除。
在平常的开发中,一般有两种方式:(1)继承CCLayer,在层中处理触屏函数。(2)继承CCSprite和CCTouchDelegate(或者其子类)。
上面两种方式,从原理上来说是一样的。
1. 下面是采用继承CCLayer的方式处理触屏事件。
(1)CCStandardTouchDelegate
添加CCStandardTouchDelegate是非常简单的,只需要重写触屏处理函数和调用setIsTouchEnabled(true)。主要代码如下:
//init函数中
this
->setIsTouchEnabled(
true
);
void
GameLayer::ccTouchesBegan(CCSet* pTouches,CCEvent* pEvent)
{
CCSetIterator it = pTouches->begin();
CCTouch* touch = (CCTouch*)(*it);
CCpoint touchLocation = touch->locationInView( touch->view() );
touchLocation = CCDirector::sharedDirector()->convertToGL(m_tBeginPos);
/** .... **/
}
void
CCLayer::setIsTouchEnabled(
bool
enabled)
{
if
(m_bIsTouchEnabled != enabled)
{
m_bIsTouchEnabled = enabled;
if
(m_bIsRunning)
{
if
(enabled)
{
this
->registerWithTouchDispatcher();
}
else
{
// have problems?
CCTouchDispatcher::sharedDispatcher()->removeDelegate(
this
);
}
}
}
}
void
CCLayer::registerWithTouchDispatcher()
{
/** .... **/
CCTouchDispatcher::sharedDispatcher()->addStandardDelegate(
this
,0);
}
void
CCLayer::onExit()
{
if
( m_bIsTouchEnabled )
{
CCTouchDispatcher::sharedDispatcher()->removeDelegate(
this
);
unregisterScriptTouchHandler();
}
CCNode::onExit();
}
直接看cocos2d-x中的CCMenu(菜单)类,它是继承CCLayer的。部分源码如下:
class
CC_DLL CCMenu :
public
CCLayer,
public
CCRGBAProtocol
{
/** .... */
virtual
void
registerWithTouchDispatcher();
/**
@brief For phone event handle functions
*/
virtual
bool
ccTouchBegan(CCTouch* touch, CCEvent* event);
virtual
void
ccTouchEnded(CCTouch* touch, CCEvent* event);
virtual
void
ccTouchCancelled(CCTouch *touch, CCEvent* event);
virtual
void
ccTouchMoved(CCTouch* touch, CCEvent* event);
/**
@since v0.99.5
override onExit
*/
virtual
void
onExit();
/** .... */
};
}
//Menu - Events,在CCLayer的onEnter中被调用
void
CCMenu::registerWithTouchDispatcher()
{
CCTouchDispatcher::sharedDispatcher()->addTargetedDelegate(
this
, kCCMenuTouchPriority,
true
);
}
bool
CCMenu::ccTouchBegan(CCTouch* touch, CCEvent* event)
{
/** .... */
}
void
CCMenu::onExit()
{
/** .... */
CCLayer::onExit();
}
定义一个Ball类继承CCSprite和CCTargetedTouchDelegate。源码如下:
class
Ball :
public
CCSprite,
public
CCTargetedTouchDelegate
{
public
:
Ball(
void
);
virtual
~Ball(
void
);
virtual
void
onEnter();
virtual
void
onExit();
virtual
bool
ccTouchBegan(CCTouch* touch, CCEvent* event);
virtual
void
ccTouchMoved(CCTouch* touch, CCEvent* event);
virtual
void
ccTouchEnded(CCTouch* touch, CCEvent* event);
/** .... */
};
void
Ball::onEnter()
{
CCTouchDispatcher::sharedDispatcher()->addTargetedDelegate(
this
, 0,
true
);
CCSprite::onEnter();
}
void
Ball::onExit()
{
CCTouchDispatcher::sharedDispatcher()->removeDelegate(
this
);
CCSprite::onExit();
}
bool
Ball::ccTouchBegan(CCTouch* touch, CCEvent* event)
{
CCPoint touchPoint = touch->locationInView( touch->view() );
touchPoint = CCDirector::sharedDirector()->convertToGL( touchPoint );
/** .... */
return
true
;
}
如果返回false,表示不处理ccTouchMoved(),ccTouchEnded(),ccTouchCanceld()方法,而交由后面接收触屏消息的对象处理;如果返回true,表示会处理ccTouchMoved(),ccTouchEnded(),ccTouchCanceld()方法。请看CCTouchDispatcher.cpp的touches函数部分源码,它是用来分发事件的:
bool
bClaimed =
false
;
if
(uIndex == CCTOUCHBEGAN)
{
bClaimed = pHandler->getDelegate()->ccTouchBegan(pTouch, pEvent);
//返回true
if
(bClaimed)
{
pHandler->getClaimedTouches()->addObject(pTouch);
}
}
else
if
(pHandler->getClaimedTouches()->containsObject(pTouch))
{
// moved ended canceled
bClaimed =
true
;
switch
(sHelper.m_type)
{
case
CCTOUCHMOVED:
pHandler->getDelegate()->ccTouchMoved(pTouch, pEvent);
break
;
case
CCTOUCHENDED:
pHandler->getDelegate()->ccTouchEnded(pTouch, pEvent);
pHandler->getClaimedTouches()->removeObject(pTouch);
break
;
case
CCTOUCHCANCELLED:
pHandler->getDelegate()->ccTouchCancelled(pTouch, pEvent);
pHandler->getClaimedTouches()->removeObject(pTouch);
break
;
}
}
if
(bClaimed && pHandler->isSwallowsTouches())
{
if
(bNeedsMutableSet)
{
pMutableTouches->removeObject(pTouch);
}
break
;
}