英语写作中用whereby替代by which

By which 是经常用到的表达，用whereby替代by which 可以使表达更典雅。例如：

Chimpanzees find rocks by which they crack nuts. That means chimpanzees know how to use tools. Fifty years ago, scientists believed that only human beings can use tools.（黑猩猩找到石头用来砸坚果，这说明它们会用工具，50年前科学家认为只有人类会用工具。）

替代为whereby：

Chimpanzees find rocks whereby they crack nuts. That means chimpanzees know how to use tools. Fifty years ago, scientists believed that only human beings can use tools.

Scientists invented virtual reality by which people could experience something that actually doesn’t exist.（科学家发明了虚拟现实，人们可以体验实际上不存在的东西。）

替代为whereby：

Scientists invented virtual reality whereby people could experience something that actually doesn’t exist.

Nowadays one always has his smartphone with him by which he can keep contact with others, even with the world.（现在人总是带着智能手机，与别人甚至世界保持联系。）

替代后：

Nowadays one always has his smartphone with him whereby he can keep contact with others, even with the world.

（例句原创）