多元函数的高阶微分公式 与 Taylor公式

设：
$m, n \in \mathbb N, m, n \ge 1,$
${\mathrm{D}}_j = \frac {\partial }{\partial x_j}$
${{\mathrm{D}}_j}^n = (\frac {\partial }{\partial x_j})^n = \frac {\partial^n }{\partial x_j^n}$
${{\mathrm{D}}_i}^m {{\mathrm{D}}_j}^n = (\frac {\partial }{\partial x_i})^m (\frac {\partial }{\partial x_j})^n= \frac {\partial^{m + n} }{\partial x_i^m \partial x_j^n}$

高阶微分公式

若： $y = f(\mathbf{x}): \mathbb R^n \rightarrow \mathbb R, k$ 阶可微， $n, k \in \mathbb N, n, k \ge 1,$
则：

$$\forall k \in \mathbb N, k \ge 1, {\mathrm{d} }^ky = \left [ \sum _{j = 1}^{n} \left (\mathrm{d} x_j {\mathrm{D}}_{j} \right ) \right ]^k y$$

证明：

$k = 1$ 时显然成立。
设$k$ 时成立，
由 $\left (\sum _{j = 1}^{n}x_j \right )^k = \sum _{1 \le \mathrm{n}_1, \cdots, \mathrm{n}_k \le n } \prod_{j = 1}^{k} x_{\mathrm{n}_j}$ 可得：

${\mathrm{d} }^{k + 1}y = \mathrm{d} \left ( {\mathrm{d} }^ky \right ) = \mathrm{d} \left \{ \left [ \sum _{j = 1}^{n} \left (\mathrm{d} x_j {\mathrm{D}}_{j} \right ) \right ]^k y \right \} =$

$= \mathrm{d} \left [ \sum _{1 \le \mathrm{n}_1, \cdots, \mathrm{n}_k \le n } \prod_{j = 1}^{k} \left (\mathrm{d} x_{n_j}{\mathrm{D}}_{{n_j}} \right ) y \right ]$

=∑1≤n1,⋯,nk≤n(∏kj=1dxnj)d(∏kj=1Dnj