Unity实现串口通信发送16进制字符

Unity实现串口通信发送16进制字符

前言

Unity在与硬件设备进行串口通信的时候，硬件那边只接收字符串有时候是不行的，还需要接收16进制的数据，在这里简单介绍下使用Unity发送16进制的串口信号。

步骤

一、首先开发配置文件功能，代码如下所示，完成后将其挂载到场景的物体上，在这里不再赘述：

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
using System.IO;
using System;

/// <summary>
/// 配置文件读取
/// </summary>
public class ConfigTest : MonoBehaviour
{
    private string configPath;
    //在实际项目中我一般不会用静态类，在有频繁跳转场景的时候很容易出问题
    //public static Dictionary<string, Dictionary<string, string>> dic;
    public Dictionary<string, Dictionary<string, string>> dic;

    private void Awake()
    {
        //读取配置文件(StreamingAssets)路径
        configPath = Path.Combine(Application.streamingAssetsPath, "Config.txt");
        if (dic == null)
        {
            dic = new Dictionary<string, Dictionary<string, string>>();
            LoadConfig();
        }
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// 读取所有的数据
    /// </summary>
    void LoadConfig()
    {
        string[] lines = null;
        if (File.Exists(configPath))
        {
            lines = File.ReadAllLines(configPath);
            BuildDic(lines);
        }
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// 处理所有数据
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="lines"></param>
    private void BuildDic(string[] lines)
    {
        string mainKey = null;//主键
        string subKey = null;//子键
        string subValue = null;//值
        foreach (var item in lines)
        {
            string line = null;
            line = item.Trim();//去除空白行
            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(line))
            {
                if (line.StartsWith("["))//取主键
                {
                    mainKey = line.Substring(1, line.IndexOf("]") - 1);
                    if (dic.ContainsKey(mainKey))
                    {
                        return;
                    }
                    dic.Add(mainKey, new Dictionary<string, string>());
                }
                else//取主键
                {
                    var configValue = line.Split(new char[] { '=' }, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
                    subKey = configValue[0].Trim();
                    subValue = configValue[1].Trim();
                    subValue = subValue.StartsWith("\"") ? subValue.Substring(1) : subValue;
                    dic[mainKey].Add(subKey, subValue);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

二、在Assets中新建StreamingAssets文件夹，在里面新建一个Config.txt的文件，在Config.txt里面输入以下内容。

三、开发串口通信功能，代码如下所示：

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
using System.IO.Ports;
using System;

public class PortManager : MonoBehaviour
{
    #region 参数
    string getPortName;
    int baudRate = 19200;
    private Parity parity = Parity.None;
    private int dataBits = 8;
    private StopBits stopBits = StopBits.One;
    SerialPort sp = null;
    private string _data;
    private string testString0, testString1, testString2, testString3, testString4, testString5,
        closeString0, closeString1, closeString2, closeString3, closeString4, closeString5;
    string reciveString;
    //配置文件类
    public ConfigTest thisConfigTest;
    #endregion

    #region 常规方法
    // Use this for initialization
    void Start()
    {
        getPortName = thisConfigTest.dic["端口号"]["portName"];
        baudRate = int.Parse(thisConfigTest.dic["波特率"]["baudRate"]);
        testString0 = thisConfigTest.dic["信号0"]["string0"];
        testString1 = thisConfigTest.dic["信号1"]["string1"];
        testString2 = thisConfigTest.dic["信号2"]["string2"];
        testString3 = thisConfigTest.dic["信号3"]["string3"];
        testString4 = thisConfigTest.dic["信号4"]["string4"];
        testString5 = thisConfigTest.dic["信号5"]["string5"];
        closeString0 = thisConfigTest.dic["关灯信号0"]["closeString0"];
        closeString1 = thisConfigTest.dic["关灯信号1"]["closeString1"];
        closeString2 = thisConfigTest.dic["关灯信号2"]["closeString2"];
        closeString3 = thisConfigTest.dic["关灯信号3"]["closeString3"];
        closeString4 = thisConfigTest.dic["关灯信号4"]["closeString4"];
        closeString5 = thisConfigTest.dic["关灯信号5"]["closeString5"];
        reciveString = thisConfigTest.dic["接收信号"]["receiveString"];
        OpenPort(getPortName);
        StartCoroutine(DataReceiveFunction());
    }

    #endregion
    #region 串口通信控制

    /// <summary>
    /// 串口信号控制
    /// </summary>
    private void PortSignalControl()
    {
        if (_data == System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(reciveString)[0].ToString())
        {
            //Debug.Log("收到串口信号" + testString);
        }

    }
    //打开串口
    public void OpenPort(string DefaultPortName)
    {
        sp = new SerialPort(DefaultPortName, baudRate, parity, dataBits, stopBits);
        sp.ReadTimeout = 10;
        try
        {
            if (!sp.IsOpen)
            {
                sp.Open();
            }
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            Debug.Log(ex.Message);
        }
    }
    //关闭串口
    public void ClosePort()
    {
        try
        {
            sp.Close();
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            Debug.Log(ex.Message);
        }
    }
    IEnumerator DataReceiveFunction()
    {
        byte[] dataBytes = new byte[128];//存储长度
        int bytesToRead = 0;//记录获取的数据长度

        while (true)
        {
            if (sp != null && sp.IsOpen)
            {
                try
                {
                    //通过read函数获取串口数据
                    bytesToRead = sp.Read(dataBytes, 0, dataBytes.Length);
                    _data = dataBytes[0].ToString();
                    print(_data);
                    PortSignalControl();
                    //串口数据已经被存入dataBytes中
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {

                }
            }
            yield return new WaitForSeconds(Time.deltaTime);
        }
    }
    //发送一个字节
    public void SendSerialPortData(string data)
    {
        if (sp.IsOpen)
        {
            sp.WriteLine(data);
        }
    }
    //发送一个字节
    public void SendSerialPortData0(byte[] data)
    {
        if (sp.IsOpen)
        {
            sp.Write(data,0,data.Length);
        }
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// 发送一个字符串0
    /// </summary>
    public void SendString0()
    {
        //SendSerialPortData(testString0);
        SendMsg(testString0);
    }

    
    /// <summary>
    /// 发送字符串1
    /// </summary>
    internal void SendString1()
    {
        //SendSerialPortData(testString1);
        SendMsg(testString1);
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// 发送字符串2
    /// </summary>
    internal void SendString2()
    {
        //SendSerialPortData(testString2);
        SendMsg(testString2);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 发送字符串3
    /// </summary>
    internal void SendString3()
    {
        //SendSerialPortData(testString3);
        SendMsg(testString3);
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// 发送字符串4
    /// </summary>
    internal void SendString4()
    {
        //SendSerialPortData(testString4);
        SendMsg(testString4);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 发送字符串5
    /// </summary>
    internal void SendString5()
    {
        //SendSerialPortData(testString5);
        SendMsg(testString5);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 发生关灯信号0
    /// </summary>
    internal void SendCloseString0()
    {
        //SendSerialPortData(closeString0);
        SendMsg(closeString0);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 发生关灯信号1
    /// </summary>
    internal void SendCloseString1()
    {
        //SendSerialPortData(closeString1);
        SendMsg(closeString1);
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// 发生关灯信号2
    /// </summary>
    internal void SendCloseString2()
    {
        //SendSerialPortData(closeString2);
        SendMsg(closeString2);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 发生关灯信号3
    /// </summary>
    internal void SendCloseString3()
    {
        //SendSerialPortData(closeString3);
        SendMsg(closeString3);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 发生关灯信号4
    /// </summary>
    internal void SendCloseString4()
    {
        //SendSerialPortData(closeString4);
        SendMsg(closeString4);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 发生关灯信号5
    /// </summary>
    internal void SendCloseString5()
    {
        //SendSerialPortData(closeString5);
        SendMsg(closeString5);
    }

    private void OnApplicationQuit()
    {
        ClosePort();
    }
    private void OnDisable()
    {
        ClosePort();
    }

    #endregion

    #region 信号转16进制方法


    public void SendMsg(string s)
    {
        string msg = s;
        //byte[] cmd = new byte[1024 * 1024 * 3];
        //cmd = Convert16(msg);
        //SendSerialPortData0(cmd);
        byte[] cmd = textWork16(s);
        SendSerialPortData0(cmd);
    }
    
    /*
    private byte[] Convert16(string strText)
    {
        strText = strText.Replace(" ", "");
        byte[] bText = new byte[strText.Length / 2];
        for (int i = 0; i < strText.Length / 2; i++)
        {
            bText[i] = Convert.ToByte(Convert.ToInt32(strText.Substring(i * 2, 2), 16));
        }
        return bText;
    }
    */

    /*
    public byte[] HexStringToBytes(string hs)
    {
        string[] strArr = hs.Trim().Split(' ');
        byte[] b = new byte[strArr.Length];
        //逐个字符变为16进制字节数据
        for (int i = 0; i < strArr.Length; i++)
        {
            b[i] = Convert.ToByte(strArr[i], 16);
        }
        //按照指定编码将字节数组变为字符串
        return b;
    }
    */

    private byte[] textWork16(string strText)
    {
        strText = strText.Replace(" ", "");
        byte[] bText = new byte[strText.Length / 2];
        for (int i = 0; i < strText.Length / 2; i++)
        {
            bText[i] = Convert.ToByte(Convert.ToInt32(strText.Substring(i * 2, 2), 16));
        }
        return bText;
    }
    #endregion
}

四、这个脚本和我之前写的串口通信功能类似，只是添加了一个字符串转16进制的功能，如下图所示：

五、在场景中新建portManager物体，将PortManager.cs脚本挂载到portManager物体上，并将configTest物体赋值到该物体上，如下图所示：

六、在场景中新建一个Button，将SendString0方法赋值到该按钮中，如下图所示：

七、打开串口助手，将串口助手配置设置如下所示：

八、运行项目，点击场景中的按钮，可以看到串口已经收到了数字码，如下图所示：

相关链接

项目Demo