C/C++: OpenSSL实现https GET POST请求

前言

笔者这里有需求，需要用C++实现 https 的GET、POST请求 以及GET下载文件 而且需要实现跨平台 在Linux、Windows都能正常运行。最好的是 只用一套代码 而不是根据具不同平台 跑不同代码，所以我们得找一个跨平台的支持https协议的库。都不用想，最好的当然是 OpenSSL啦。也有其他的比如libcurl 啥的，但是libcurl如果要支持https的也要链接OpenSSL了，还不如直接用OpenSSL。当然这里还有个不错的选择就是使用boost::asio库，但是笔者觉得使用上没有OpenSSL好用，故此没有用boost库。

网上示例代码比较多，笔者这里也是简单写了小demo，在Windows平台和Linux平台都能正常运行，只是为在互联网上多一个链接，让需要者多一篇可参考的博客而已。 这里使用的是openssl-1.0.2m 版本，OpenSSL更高的版本没有测试，想来 api改动应该不大。

代码

MyHttpsUtil.h

#pragma once
#include <string>
#include <openssl/ssl.h>

enum REQ_TYPE
{
    GET_STRING = 0, // GET请求获取响应字符串
    POST_STRING,    // POST请求获得响应字符串
    GET_FILE        // GET请求下载文件
};

class MyHttpsUtil
{
    public:
    virtual ~MyHttpsUtil(void);
    static MyHttpsUtil* getInstance();

    /* 
        https get请求
        return value
            0:成功 strResponse为响应结果 -1:失败，strResponse为错误信息
    */
    int getRequest(const std::string& strSvrIp, int iSvrPort, 
        const std::string& strUri, std::string& strResponse);

    /* 
        https post请求
        return value
            0:成功 strResponse为响应结果 -1:失败，strResponse为错误信息
    */
    int postRequest(const std::string& strSvrIp, int iSvrPort, 
        const std::string& strUri, const std::string& strBody, std::string& strResponse);
    
     /* 
        https get请求下载文件
        return value
            0:成功 -1:失败，strErrMsg为错误信息
    */
    int getFile(const std::string& strSvrIp, int iSvrPort, 
        const std::string& strUri, const std::string& strBody, const std::string& strFilePath, std::string& strErrMsg );

private:
    MyHttpsUtil(void);

private:
    // 建立TCP连接套接字
    int tcpConn(const char* pSvrIp, int iSvrPort, int& socket);

    /*
        发送数据到https服务器
        参数1:请求类型，决定最后3个参数的作用
        参数2:服务器IP
        参数3:服务器端口
        参数4:uri
        参数5:reqType:1 为POST_STRING时(POST请求) 请求参数，也就是请求体。
        参数6:reqType:2 为GET_FILE时(GET请求下载资源文件) 文件存储路径。
        参数7:reqType:0/1 为GET_STRING/POST_STRING 时(GET/POST请求响应字符串) 响应字符串在strResponse, 出现错误时 错误描述信息在strResponse中。
    */
    int sendDataToSvr(REQ_TYPE reqType, const std::string& strSvrIp, int iSvrPort, 
        const std::string& strUri, const std::string& strBody, const std::string& strFilePath, std::string& strResponse );

    // 组装GET请求数据
    int getGetReqData(const std::string& strSvrIp, int iSvrPort, 
        const std::string& strUri, std::string& strReqData);

    // 组装POST请求数据
    int getPostReqData(const std::string& strSvrIp, int iSvrPort, 
        const std::string& strUri, const std::string& strBody, std::string& strReqData);

    // 读取响应字符串
    int readResponseToString(SSL* ssl, std::string& strRespData);

    // 读取响应二进制数据到文件
    int readResponseToFile(SSL* ssl, const std::string& strFilePath, std::string& strErrMsg);
};

MyHttpsUtil.cpp

#include "MyHttpsUtil.h"
#ifdef WIN32
#include <winsock.h>
#else
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#endif

#include <openssl/err.h>
#include <openssl/rand.h>
#include <openssl/crypto.h>


#define CODE_SUCCESS 0
#define CODE_FALID -1

#ifdef WIN32
#pragma comment(lib, "libeay32.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "ssleay32.lib")
#endif


MyHttpsUtil::MyHttpsUtil(void)
{
}

MyHttpsUtil::~MyHttpsUtil(void)
{
}

MyHttpsUtil* MyHttpsUtil::getInstance()
{
    static MyHttpsUtil httpsClient;
    return &httpsClient;
}

int MyHttpsUtil::getRequest(const std::string& strSvrIp, int iSvrPort, 
    const std::string& strUri, std::string& strResponse)
{
    return sendDataToSvr(GET_STRING, strSvrIp, iSvrPort, strUri, "", "", strResponse);
}

int MyHttpsUtil::postRequest(const std::string& strSvrIp, int iSvrPort, 
    const std::string& strUri, const std::string& strBody, std::string& strResponse)
{
    return sendDataToSvr(POST_STRING, strSvrIp, iSvrPort, strUri, strBody, "", strResponse);
}

int MyHttpsUtil::getFile(const std::string& strSvrIp, int iSvrPort, 
    const std::string& strUri, const std::string& strBody, const std::string& strFilePath, std::string& strErrMsg)
{
    return sendDataToSvr(GET_FILE, strSvrIp, iSvrPort, strUri, "", strFilePath, strErrMsg);
}


int MyHttpsUtil::sendDataToSvr(REQ_TYPE reqType, const std::string& strSvrIp, int iSvrPort, const std::string& strUri, const std::string& strBody, const std::string& strFilePath, std::string& strResponse)
{
    int iRet = CODE_FALID;
    int socketFd = 0;
    SSL_CTX* ctx = 0;
    SSL* ssl = 0;
    do 
    {
        char* pSvrIp = NULL;
        struct hostent *pHostent = NULL;
        pHostent = gethostbyname(strSvrIp.c_str());
        if (pHostent == NULL)
        {
            break;
        }
        pSvrIp = inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr*)pHostent->h_addr_list[0]);

        // 1.建立TCP连接
        if( tcpConn(pSvrIp, iSvrPort, socketFd) != CODE_SUCCESS)
        {
            break;
        }
        
        // 2.SSL初始化, 关联Socket到SSL，并建立连接
        SSL_library_init();
	    OpenSSL_add_all_algorithms();
	    SSL_load_error_strings(); 
	    ctx = SSL_CTX_new(SSLv23_client_method()); 
        if(ctx == NULL)
        {
            break;
        }
	    ssl = SSL_new(ctx);
        SSL_set_fd(ssl, socketFd);
        int retCode = SSL_connect(ssl);
        if ( retCode != 1)
        {
            int sslErrCode = SSL_get_error(ssl,retCode);
            strResponse = "SSL_connect error,openssl errCode = ";
            char errCode[11] = {0};
            sprintf_s(errCode, "%d", sslErrCode);
            strResponse.append(errCode);
            break;
        }

        std::string strReqData;
        if(GET_FILE == reqType || GET_STRING == reqType)
        {
            getGetReqData(strSvrIp, iSvrPort, strUri, strReqData);
        }
        else
        {
            getPostReqData(strSvrIp, iSvrPort, strUri, strBody, strReqData);
        }
        
	    // 4.通过SSL发送数据，数据量不大一次write就够了，如果是文件上传就需要循环写了。
	    int writeLen = SSL_write(ssl, strReqData.c_str(), strReqData.length());  
	    if (writeLen <=0)
	    {
		    int sslErrCode = SSL_get_error(ssl,writeLen);
            strResponse = "SSL_write error,openssl errCode = ";
            char errCode[11] = {0};
            sprintf_s(errCode, "%d", sslErrCode);
            strResponse.append(errCode);
            break;
	    }
	
	    // 5.读取响应数据  
        int readLen = 0;
        char pHeader[1] = {0};
        int i = 0;
	    // 响应头以\r\n\r\n 结束, 此处判断头是否传输完成
	    while((readLen = SSL_read(ssl, pHeader, 1)) == 1)
	    {
		    if(i < 4){
			    if(pHeader[0] == '\r' || pHeader[0] == '\n')
                {
				    i++;
				    if(i >= 4)
                    {
					    break;
				    }
			    }
                else
                {
				    i = 0;
			    }
		    }
	    }

        if( readLen < 0 )
        {
            int sslErrCode = SSL_get_error(ssl,readLen);
            strResponse = "SSL_read error,openssl errCode = ";
            char errCode[11] = {0};
            sprintf_s(errCode, "%d", sslErrCode);
            strResponse.append(errCode);
            break;
        }

        if(GET_FILE == reqType)
        {
            iRet = readResponseToFile(ssl, strFilePath, strResponse);
        }
        else
        {
            iRet = readResponseToString(ssl, strResponse);
        }

    } while (false);


    // 6.关闭socket、断开连接
    if (socket)
    {
#ifdef WIN32
        closesocket(socketFd);
#else
        close(socketFd);
#endif
    }
    if (ctx)
    {
        SSL_CTX_free(ctx);
    }
    if (ssl)
    {
        SSL_shutdown (ssl);
        SSL_free(ssl);
    }

    return iRet;
}

int MyHttpsUtil::tcpConn(const char* pSvrIp, int iSvrPort, int& socket)
{
    socket = ::socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
    if( socket == -1 )
    {
        return CODE_FALID;
    }

    sockaddr_in sa;
    sa.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(pSvrIp);
    sa.sin_port = htons(iSvrPort);
    sa.sin_family = AF_INET;

    int retCode = ::connect(socket,(struct sockaddr*)&sa,sizeof(sa));  
    if(retCode == -1)  
    {  
        return CODE_FALID;
    }

    return CODE_SUCCESS;
}

int MyHttpsUtil::getGetReqData(const std::string& strSvrIp, int iSvrPort, 
    const std::string& strUri, std::string& strReqData)
{
    char pLine[256] = {0};
	sprintf_s(pLine, "GET %s HTTP/1.1\r\n", strUri.c_str());
    strReqData.append(pLine);
    memset(pLine, 0, sizeof(pLine));
	sprintf_s(pLine, "Host: %s:%d\r\n",strSvrIp.c_str(), iSvrPort);
    strReqData.append(pLine);
    memset(pLine, 0, sizeof(pLine));
    strReqData.append("Accept: */*\r\n");
    strReqData.append("Connection: close\r\n\r\n");
    //strReqData.append("Connection: keep-alive\r\n\r\n");
    return CODE_SUCCESS;
}

int MyHttpsUtil::getPostReqData(const std::string& strSvrIp, int iSvrPort, 
    const std::string& strUri, const std::string& strBody, std::string& strReqData)
{
    char pLine[256] = {0};
	sprintf_s(pLine, "POST %s HTTP/1.1\r\n", strUri.c_str());
    strReqData.append(pLine);
    memset(pLine, 0, sizeof(pLine));
	sprintf_s(pLine, "Host: %s:%d\r\n",strSvrIp.c_str(), iSvrPort);
    strReqData.append(pLine);
    memset(pLine, 0, sizeof(pLine));
    strReqData.append("Accept: */*\r\n");
    strReqData.append("Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8\r\n");
    memset(pLine, 0, sizeof(pLine));
    sprintf_s(pLine, "Content-Length: %d\r\n", strBody.length());
    strReqData.append("Connection: close\r\n\r\n");
    strReqData.append(strBody);
    return CODE_SUCCESS;
}

int MyHttpsUtil::readResponseToString(SSL* ssl, std::string& strRespData)
{
    // 读取响应体数据，一次读1k
    char pBody[1024 + 1] = {0};
    int readSize = sizeof(pBody) -1;
    int readLen = 0;
    while( (readLen = SSL_read(ssl, pBody, readSize)) > 0 )
    {
        strRespData.append(pBody);
        memset(pBody, 0, sizeof(pBody));
    }
    if(readLen < 0)
    {
        int sslErrCode = SSL_get_error(ssl,readLen);
        strRespData = "SSL_read error,openssl errCode = ";
        char errCode[11] = {0};
        sprintf_s(errCode, "%d", sslErrCode);
        strRespData.append(errCode);
        return CODE_FALID;
    }
    strRespData.append(pBody);

    return CODE_SUCCESS;
}

int MyHttpsUtil::readResponseToFile(SSL* ssl, const std::string& strFilePath, std::string& strErrMsg)
{

    FILE *fp = fopen(strFilePath.c_str(), "wb+");
    if(fp == NULL)
    {
        strErrMsg = "fopen error,filePath:";
        strErrMsg.append(strFilePath);
        return CODE_FALID;
    }

    char pBody[1024 + 1] = {0};
    int readSize = sizeof(pBody) -1;
    int readLen = 0;
    while( (readLen = SSL_read(ssl, pBody, readSize)) > 0 )
    {
        if( fwrite(pBody, 1, readLen, fp) != readLen)
        {
            strErrMsg = "fwrite error";
            return CODE_FALID;
        }
        memset(pBody, 0, sizeof(pBody));
    }
    if(readLen < 0)
    {
        int sslErrCode = SSL_get_error(ssl,readLen);
        strErrMsg = "SSL_read error,openssl errCode = ";
        char errCode[11] = {0};
        sprintf_s(errCode, "%d", sslErrCode);
        strErrMsg.append(errCode);
        return CODE_FALID;
    }
    if( fwrite(pBody, 1, readLen, fp) != readLen)
    {
        strErrMsg = "fwrite error";
        return CODE_FALID;
    }
    fclose(fp);
    return CODE_SUCCESS;
}

测试

这里我们以 https://www.baidu.com 进行测试 GET、POST、GET下载文件，接口均正常。

test.cpp

#include "MyHttpsUtil.h"
#include <iostream>

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
    std::string strResponse;
    if( MyHttpsUtil::getInstance()->getRequest("www.baidu.com", 443, "/", strResponse) == 0)
    {
        //std::cout << strResponse << std::endl; // 太长了，下个输出无法输出
        std::cout << "get req suc" << std::endl;
    }
    else
    {
         std::cout << "get req error" << std::endl;
    }
    std::cout << "=======================" << std::endl;
    strResponse.clear();
    if( MyHttpsUtil::getInstance()->postRequest("www.baidu.com", 443, "/", "{}", strResponse) == 0)
    {
         std::cout << "post req suc" << std::endl;
         std::cout << strResponse << std::endl;
    }
    else
    {
        std::cout << "post req error" << std::endl;
    }
    std::cout << "=======================" << std::endl;

    std::string strErrMsg;
    if( MyHttpsUtil::getInstance()->getFile("www.baidu.com", 443, "/", strResponse,"c:\\1.txt", strErrMsg) == 0 )
    {
        std::cout << "get req downlaod file suc" << std::endl;
    }
    else
    {
        std::cout << "get req downlaod file error:" << strErrMsg << std::endl;
    }
    std::cout << "=======================" << std::endl;
    getchar();
    return 0;
}