opencv学习（4）部分基本数据结构的介绍

先贴一段简单的代码；

#include "opencv2/core/core.hpp"
#include "opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
using namespace cv;

int main(int,char**)
{
    Mat I = Mat::eye(4, 4, CV_64F);
    I.at<double>(1,1) = CV_PI;
    cout << "\nI = " << I << ";\n" << endl;

    Mat r = Mat(10, 3, CV_8UC3);
    randu(r, Scalar::all(0), Scalar::all(255));

    //此段代码的OpenCV3版为：
    cout << "r (OpenCV默认风格) = " << r << ";" << endl << endl;
    cout << "r (Python风格) = " << format(r, Formatter::FMT_PYTHON) << ";" << endl << endl;
    cout << "r (Numpy风格) = " <<  format(r, Formatter::FMT_NUMPY )<< ";" << endl << endl;
    cout << "r (逗号分隔风格) = " << format(r, Formatter::FMT_CSV   )<< ";" << endl<< endl;
    cout << "r (C语言风格) = " <<  format(r, Formatter::FMT_C     ) << ";" << endl << endl;

    Point2f p(6, 2);
    cout << "【2维点】p = " << p << ";\n" << endl;

    Point3f p3f(8, 2, 0);
    cout << "【3维点】p3f = " << p3f << ";\n" << endl;

    vector<float> v;
    v.push_back(3);
    v.push_back(5);
    v.push_back(7);

    cout << "【基于Mat的vector】shortvec = " << Mat(v) << ";\n"<<endl;

    vector<Point2f> points(20);
    for (size_t i = 0; i < points.size(); ++i)
        points[i] = Point2f((float)(i * 5), (float)(i % 7));

    cout << "【二维点向量】points = " << points<<";";

    getchar();//按任意键退出

    return 0;
}

生成结果：

1、定义和输出二维点：

Point2f p(2,3);

2、定义和输出三维点

Point3f p(2,3，4);

3、定义和输出基于Mat的std::vector

vector v;
v.push_back(3);
v.push_back(5);

4、定义和输出std::vector点

以存放二维点Point2f为例：

vector point(20);
for (size_t i=0;i< points.size();i++)
point[i]=Point2f((float) (i*5),(float)(i%7));

cout << “【二维点向量】points = ” << points<<”;” ;

5、点的表示Point类

typedef Point_< int> Point2i ;
typedef Point2i Point ;
typedef Point_< float> Point2f ;

Point_< int> 、 Point2i 、Point相互等价；Point_< float>、Point2f相互等价；

6、颜色的表示Scalar类

Scalar( )表示具有4个元素的数组，在opencv被大量用于传递像素值，如RGB的像素值；

Scalar（a,b,c） 红色分量代表c，绿色部分代表b，蓝色部分代表a；

7、矩形的表示：Rect类
Rect类的成员变量有 x、y、width、height，分别表示左上角点的坐标和矩形的宽与高。
常用的成员函数有：Size( )返回值为 Size；area( )返回矩形的面积；contains(Point)判断点是否在矩形内；inside（Rect）函数判断矩形是否在该矩形内；tl( )返回左上角点坐标；br( )返回右下角点坐标。

8、颜色空间转换：cvtColor( )函数
cvtColor()函数时颜色空间转换函数，能够完成RGB、HSV、HSI等颜色空间的转换；也可以转换为灰度图GRAY；
eg：cvtColor(srcImage,dstImage,COLOR_GRAY2BGR);

9、基本图形的绘制
1）用于绘制直线的line函数；
2）用于绘制椭圆形ellpse函数；
3）用于绘制矩形rectangle函数；
4）用于绘制圆的circle函数；
5）用于绘制填充的多边形的fillpoly函数；

再次贴一段浅墨大神的原创代码；

#include <opencv2/core/core.hpp>
#include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>
using namespace cv;

//此程序对于OpenCV3版需要额外包含头文件：
#include <opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp>

#define WINDOW_NAME1 "【绘制图1】"         //为窗口标题定义的宏 
#define WINDOW_NAME2 "【绘制图2】"        //为窗口标题定义的宏 
#define WINDOW_WIDTH 600                 //定义窗口大小的宏

//--------------------------------【全局函数声明部分】-------------------------------------
void DrawEllipse( Mat img, double angle );//绘制椭圆
void DrawFilledCircle( Mat img, Point center );//绘制圆
void DrawPolygon( Mat img );//绘制多边形
void DrawLine( Mat img, Point start, Point end );//绘制线段

//---------------------------------------【main( )函数】--------------------------------------
int main( void )
{
    // 创建空白的Mat图像
    Mat atomImage = Mat::zeros( WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_WIDTH, CV_8UC3 );
    Mat rookImage = Mat::zeros( WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_WIDTH, CV_8UC3 );

    // ---------------------<1>绘制化学中的原子示例图------------------------

    //【1.1】先绘制出椭圆
    DrawEllipse( atomImage, 90 );
    DrawEllipse( atomImage, 0 );
    DrawEllipse( atomImage, 45 );
    DrawEllipse( atomImage, -45 );

    //【1.2】再绘制圆心
    DrawFilledCircle( atomImage, Point( WINDOW_WIDTH/2, WINDOW_WIDTH/2) );

    // ----------------------------<2>绘制组合图-----------------------------
    //【2.1】先绘制出椭圆
    DrawPolygon( rookImage );

    // 【2.2】绘制矩形
    rectangle( rookImage,
        Point( 0, 7*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 ),
        Point( WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_WIDTH),
        Scalar( 0, 255, 255 ),
        -1,
        8 );

    // 【2.3】绘制一些线段
    DrawLine( rookImage, Point( 0, 15*WINDOW_WIDTH/16 ), Point( WINDOW_WIDTH, 15*WINDOW_WIDTH/16 ) );
    DrawLine( rookImage, Point( WINDOW_WIDTH/4, 7*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 ), Point( WINDOW_WIDTH/4, WINDOW_WIDTH ) );
    DrawLine( rookImage, Point( WINDOW_WIDTH/2, 7*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 ), Point( WINDOW_WIDTH/2, WINDOW_WIDTH ) );
    DrawLine( rookImage, Point( 3*WINDOW_WIDTH/4, 7*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 ), Point( 3*WINDOW_WIDTH/4, WINDOW_WIDTH ) );

    // ---------------------------<3>显示绘制出的图像------------------------
    imshow( WINDOW_NAME1, atomImage );
    moveWindow( WINDOW_NAME1, 0, 200 );
    imshow( WINDOW_NAME2, rookImage );
    moveWindow( WINDOW_NAME2, WINDOW_WIDTH, 200 );

    waitKey( 0 );
    return(0);
}
//-------------------------------【DrawEllipse( )函数】--------------------------------
void DrawEllipse( Mat img, double angle )
{
    int thickness = 2;
    int lineType = 8;

    ellipse( img，       //绘制的图像，即将椭圆画到图像img上；
        Point( WINDOW_WIDTH/2, WINDOW_WIDTH/2 ),  //中心点
        Size( WINDOW_WIDTH/4, WINDOW_WIDTH/16 ),  //尺寸
        angle,                        //角度
        0, 360,                       //弧度
        Scalar( 255, 129, 0 ),        //颜色设置，Scalar( 255, 129, 0 )代表蓝色；
        thickness,                   // 线宽
        lineType );                   //线型
}

//-----------------------------------【DrawFilledCircle( )函数】---------------------------
void DrawFilledCircle( Mat img, Point center )
{
    int thickness = -1;
    int lineType = 8;

    circle( img,
        center,
        WINDOW_WIDTH/32,
        Scalar( 0, 0, 255 ),
        thickness,
        lineType );
}

void DrawPolygon( Mat img )
{
    int lineType = 8;

    //创建一些点
    Point rookPoints[1][20];
    rookPoints[0][0]  = Point(    WINDOW_WIDTH/4,   7*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );
    rookPoints[0][1]  = Point(  3*WINDOW_WIDTH/4,   7*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );
    rookPoints[0][2]  = Point(  3*WINDOW_WIDTH/4,  13*WINDOW_WIDTH/16 );
    rookPoints[0][3]  = Point( 11*WINDOW_WIDTH/16, 13*WINDOW_WIDTH/16 );
    rookPoints[0][4]  = Point( 19*WINDOW_WIDTH/32,  3*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );
    rookPoints[0][5]  = Point(  3*WINDOW_WIDTH/4,   3*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );
    rookPoints[0][6]  = Point(  3*WINDOW_WIDTH/4,     WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );
    rookPoints[0][7]  = Point( 26*WINDOW_WIDTH/40,    WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );
    rookPoints[0][8]  = Point( 26*WINDOW_WIDTH/40,    WINDOW_WIDTH/4 );
    rookPoints[0][9]  = Point( 22*WINDOW_WIDTH/40,    WINDOW_WIDTH/4 );
    rookPoints[0][10] = Point( 22*WINDOW_WIDTH/40,    WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );
    rookPoints[0][11] = Point( 18*WINDOW_WIDTH/40,    WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );
    rookPoints[0][12] = Point( 18*WINDOW_WIDTH/40,    WINDOW_WIDTH/4 );
    rookPoints[0][13] = Point( 14*WINDOW_WIDTH/40,    WINDOW_WIDTH/4 );
    rookPoints[0][14] = Point( 14*WINDOW_WIDTH/40,    WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );
    rookPoints[0][15] = Point(    WINDOW_WIDTH/4,     WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );
    rookPoints[0][16] = Point(    WINDOW_WIDTH/4,   3*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );
    rookPoints[0][17] = Point( 13*WINDOW_WIDTH/32,  3*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );
    rookPoints[0][18] = Point(  5*WINDOW_WIDTH/16, 13*WINDOW_WIDTH/16 );
    rookPoints[0][19] = Point(    WINDOW_WIDTH/4,  13*WINDOW_WIDTH/16 );

    const Point* ppt[1] = { rookPoints[0] };
    int npt[] = { 20 };

    fillPoly( img,
        ppt,
        npt,
        1,
        Scalar( 255, 255, 255 ),
        lineType );
}

void DrawLine( Mat img, Point start, Point end )
{
    int thickness = 2;
    int lineType = 8;
    line( img,
        start,
        end,
        Scalar( 0, 0, 0 ),
        thickness,
        lineType );
}