定律
1. 电磁感应定律
（1）积分形式
E = − d Φ d t \mathscr{E } = -\frac{dΦ}{dt} E=−dtdΦ
① B随时间变化：
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∂
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\mathscr{E} = -\int_S \frac{\partial B}{\partial t}·dS
E=−∫S∂t∂B⋅dS
② B不随时间变化而闭合回路有运动：
E
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l
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l
\mathscr{E} = \oint_l (v \times B) · dl
E=∮l(v×B)⋅dl
③ B随时间变化且闭合回路有运动：
E = − ∫ S ∂ B ⃗ ∂ t ⋅ d S + ∮ l ( v ⃗ × B ⃗ ) ⋅ d l ⃗ \mathscr{E} = -\int_S \frac{\partial \vec B}{\partial t} ·dS + \oint_l(\vec v\times \vec B)·d\vec l E=−∫S∂t∂B⋅dS+∮l(v×B)⋅dl
（2） 微分形式
∇
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∂
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\nabla \times \vec E = -\frac{\partial \vec B}{\partial t} + \nabla \times (\vec v \times \vec B)
∇×E=−∂t∂B+∇×(v×B)
特殊的，对于静止媒质
∇
×
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⃗
=
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∂
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t
\nabla \times \vec E = -\frac{\partial \vec B}{\partial t}
∇×E=−∂t∂B
2. 全电流定律
∮ l H ⃗ ⋅ d l = ∫ S J ⋅ d S + ∫ S ∂ B ⃗ ∂ t ⋅ d S \oint _ l\vec H·dl = \int_S J·dS + \int_S \frac{\partial \vec B}{\partial t}·dS ∮lH⋅dl=∫SJ⋅dS+∫S∂t∂B⋅dS
∇ × H ⃗ = J ⃗ + ∂ B ⃗ ∂ t \nabla \times \vec H = \vec J + \frac{\partial \vec B}{\partial t} ∇×H=J+∂t∂B
定理
1. 分界面的衔接条件
B 1 n = B 2 n B_{1n} = B_{2n} B1n=B2n
D 2 n − D 1 n = σ D_{2n} - D_{1n} = σ D2n−D1n=σ
H 1 t − H 2 t = K H_{1t} - H_{2t} = K H1t−H2t=K
E 1 t = E 2 t E_{1t} = E_{2t} E1t=E2t
t a n α 1 t a n α 2 = ε 1 ε 2 \frac{tan~\alpha_1}{tan~\alpha _2} = \frac{ε_1}{ε_2} tan α2tan α1=ε2ε1
t a n β 1 t a n β 2 = μ 1 μ 2 \frac{tan~\beta_1}{tan~\beta_2} = \frac{μ_1}{μ_2} tan β2tan β1=μ2μ1
2. 坡印亭定理
∮ A ( E ⃗ × H ⃗ ) ⋅ d A = − ∂ W ∂ t − ∫ V J 2 γ d V + ∫ V J ⋅ E e d V \oint_A (\vec E \times \vec H) · dA = -\frac{\partial W}{\partial t} - \int_V\frac{J^2}{\gamma}dV + \int_VJ·E_edV ∮A(E×H)⋅dA=−∂t∂W−∫VγJ2dV+∫VJ⋅EedV
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