Merriam-Webster's Vocabulary Builder 学习笔记 Unit3

Unit3

 

2018.05.29

• [ambi-] : “on both sides” or “around”
  • ambidextrous : adj. 左右手都灵的;搞两面派的;非常灵巧的；非常熟练的
  • ambiguous : adj. 模棱两可的, 含糊不清的；引起歧义的;
    • (1) Doubtful or uncertain especially from being obscure or indistinct. (2) Unclear in meaning because of being understandable in more than one way.
      • ambigere：to be undecided
  • ambient ： （声音、光线）四周的，环绕的；（气温）周围的
    • Existing or present on all sides.
  • ambivalent ：（忧喜参半、好坏参半等）矛盾情绪的；摇摆不定的，犹豫不决的
    • (1) Holding opposite feelings and attitudes at the same time toward someone or something. (2) Continually wavering between opposites or alternative courses of action.
  • ambit ：范围（抽象）
    • The range or limit covered by something (such as a law).
• [epi-]:"on ,over" or "attached to "
  • epicenter : 震中
  • epidermis : 表皮
  • epilogue : 结语；后记
    • The final section after the main part of a book or play.
  • epiphyte : 附生植物
    • A plant that obtains its nutrients from the air and the rain and usually grows on another plant for support.
  • epitaph : 墓志铭
    • An inscription on a grave or tomb in memory of the one buried there.
  • epithet : 别称；外号
    • (1) A descriptive word or phrase occurring with or in place of the name of a person or thing. (2) An insulting or demeaning word or phrase.
• [hyp- /hypo-]:"below ,under"
  • hypo·dermic ：（针、注射器）皮下注射的
  • hypo·tension : 低血压
  • hypochondriac：疑病患者
    • A person overly concerned with his or her own health who often suffers from delusions of physical disease.
  • hypoglycemia：低血糖症
    • Abnormal decrease of sugar in the blood.
  • hypothermia：体温过低
    • Subnormal temperature of the body.
  • hypothetical ：假设的
    • (1) Involving an assumption made for the sake of argument or for further study or investigation. (2) Imagined for purposes of example.
      • hypothesis
• [therm- /thermo]:"warm"
  • thermometer ：温度计            -meter,仪器
  • thermostat : 恒温器                 -stat,平衡，稳定，词源同stand.
  • thermos：n. 热水瓶
  • thermal ：热的，热量的 ；(衣服)保暖的，御寒的
    • (1) Of, relating to, or caused by heat. (2) Designed to insulate in order to retain body heat.
  • thermodynamics：热力学           dynamics,动力学。
    • Physics that deals with the mechanical actions or relations of heat.
  • thermonuclear：(武器、设备)热核的
    • Of or relating to the changes in the nucleus of atoms with low atomic weight, such as hydrogen, that require a very high temperature to begin.
  • British thermal unit：英国热量单位
    • The quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit at a specified temperature.
      • joule 焦耳
      • calorie 卡路里
• [poly-]:"many"
  • polytechnic ：理工专科学院
  • polygamy：多配偶（制）；一夫多妻（制）；一妻多夫（制）
  • polysyllabic ：多音节的
  • polyp：水螅；
    • (1) A sea invertebrate that has a mouth opening at one end surrounded by stinging tentacles. (2) A growth projecting from a mucous membrane, as on the colon or vocal cords.
  • polyglot：通晓数种语言的人；（书、社会等）（使用）多种语言的
    • (1) One who can speak or write several languages. (2) Having or using several languages.
  • polymer：聚合物(体)
    • A chemical compound formed by a reaction in which two or more molecules combine to form larger molecules with repeating structural units.
      • polymeric：聚合的
      • polypropylene：聚丙烯（制作皮箱等等）
      • polyurethane 聚氨酯 （做涂料）
      • polyvinyl chloride(PVC)：聚氯乙烯（管道，塑料袋）
      • polyester：聚酯纤维，涤纶
  • polygraph：(描记脉搏、呼吸速率的)多种波动描记器；测谎仪 
    • An instrument for recording changes in several bodily functions (such as blood pressure and rate of breathing) at the same time; lie detector.
• [prim-]:"first"
  • primary：adj. 主要的；初级的；基本的 n. 原色；最主要者
  • primitive：adj. 原始的, 早期的；简单的; 粗糙的
  • primeval : 太古的；原始的；远古的
  • primal：基本的；最初的，原始的
    • Basic or primitive.
  • primer：识字课本，启蒙书；入门书
    • (1) A small book for teaching children to read. (2) A small introductory book on a subject.
  • primate：灵长目动物
    • Any member of the group of animals that includes human beings, apes, and monkeys.
  • primordial：初生的,初发的；原生的，原始的
    • (1) First created or developed. (2) Existing in or from the very beginning.
      • primordium：原基，原始细胞
• [hom- /homo-]:"same" ,"similar"
  • homo·graph : 同形异义词（（拼写相同，意义不同，读音可能不同））
  • homo·sexual ：同性恋的
  • homo·nym：同形（同音）异义词（写法或读音相同，但意义不同）
    • One of two or more words pronounced and/or spelled alike but different in meaning.
      • homophone：同音异形词，同音异义词（读音相同，写法或意义不同）

	类型\	pronounciation	spell	meaning	举个栗子
homophone同音异形词，同音异义	homonym 同音	√	×	×	to,too
词（读音相同，写法或意义不同）	异义	√	√	×	quail：鹌鹑；畏缩	homograph : 同形异义词（（拼写相
	homonym 同形	×	√	×	bow /baʊ; baʊ/ v.鞠躬  n.行礼；船锚 bow /bəʊ; boʊ/ 弓；蝴蝶结	同，意义不同，读音可能不同））

 

• homo·ge·neous：同种类的;同性质的;由相同成分（或部分）组成的
  • (1) Of the same or a similar kind. (2) Of uniform structure or composition throughout.
    • homogeneity is the quality of being homogeneous. 同种;同质
• homologous：同源的
  • Developing from the same or a similar part of a remote ancestor.
• homogenize：使均质；使类同
  • (1) To treat (milk) so that the fat is mixed throughout instead of floating on top. (2) To change (something) so that its parts are the same or similar.
    • By now the suburb had gotten so homogenized that he couldn't tell the families on his street apart.如今郊区都变得一样，以至于他无法区分他街道上的家庭（无法说出，也就不好区分）

• [dis-]:"apart ","opposite" or "not"
  • distaste：厌恶
  • disagreeable:
  • deprive ：剥夺
  • disinfect：给...消毒
  • disbar：取消（某人）的律师资格
  • dissipate：驱散；挥霍
  • dissuade：劝(某人)不要做(或相信)
    • To convince (someone) not to do something.
  • disorient：使迷惘；使迷失方向        
    • To cause to be confused or lost.
  • discredit：使不可信；败坏…的名声
    • (1) To cause (someone or something) to seem dishonest or untrue. (2) To damage the reputation of (someone).
  • dislodge：取出，驱逐
    • To force out of a place, especially a place of rest, hiding, or defense.
      • 【反】lodge：小屋；安顿

 

• Latin Borrowings
  • ad hoc：（形势所需而）临时安排的，特别的，专门的
    • Formed or used for a particular purpose or for immediate needs.
  • ad hominem        Marked by an attack on an opponent's character rather than by an answer to the arguments made or the issues raised.
  • alter ego：针对个人（而非理据）的
    • (1) A trusted friend or personal representative. (2) The opposite side of a personality.
  • de facto：实际上存在的（不一定合法）
    • Being such in practice or effect, although not formally recognized; actual.
  • quid pro quo：报偿；回报
    • Something given or received for something else.
  • ex post facto：事后的(地)
    • Done, made, or formulated after the fact.
  • modus operandi：做法,惯技
    • A usual way of doing something.
  • modus vivendi：妥协；生活方式
    • (1) A practical compromise or arrangement that is acceptable to all concerned. (2) A way of life.

 

 

格式参照 https://blog.csdn.net/justry24/article/details/77929519

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