网络数据请求request

前言

关于网络数据请求的类很多，httpwebrequest，webrequest，webclient以及httpclient，具体差别在此不在赘述，在应用方面介绍webclient与httpclient则显得比较比较简单粗暴，httpwebrequest继承自webrequest，可通过参数进行请求控制。

1. 基于WebClient的post/get数据请求：

1.1 get

using (var client = new WebClient())
            {
                client.Encoding = Encoding.GetEncoding("utf-8");
                var responseString = client.DownloadString("http://www.sojson.com/open/api/weather/json.shtml?city=闵行区");
     
                Console.WriteLine(responseString);
                Console.ReadKey();
            }

1.2 post

using (var client = new WebClient())
            {
                client.Encoding = Encoding.GetEncoding("utf-8");
                var values = new NameValueCollection();
                values["api_key"] = "**********";
                values["api_secret"] = "**********";
                values["image_url"] = "https://timgsa.baidu.com/timg?image&quality=80&size=b9999_10000&sec=1508759666809&di=b3748df04c5e54d18fe52ee413f72f37&imgtype=0&src=http%3A%2F%2Fimgsrc.baidu.com%2Fimgad%2Fpic%2Fitem%2F562c11dfa9ec8a1389c45414fd03918fa1ecc06c.jpg";

                var response = client.UploadValues("https://api-cn.faceplusplus.com/facepp/v3/detect", values);

                var responseString = Encoding.Default.GetString(response);
                Console.WriteLine(responseString);
                Console.ReadKey();
            }

2. 基于HttpWebRequest 的get/post方法

2.1 get

/// <summary>
        /// get
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="url">url="http:**********"+"?"+"key1=***&key2=***"</param>
        /// example :http://www.sojson.com/open/api/weather/json.shtml?city=闵行区
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static string GetHttp(string url)
        {
            HttpWebRequest httpWebRequest = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url);

            httpWebRequest.ContentType = "application/json";
            httpWebRequest.Method = "GET";
            httpWebRequest.Timeout = 20000;

            HttpWebResponse httpWebResponse = (HttpWebResponse)httpWebRequest.GetResponse();
            StreamReader streamReader = new StreamReader(httpWebResponse.GetResponseStream());
            string responseContent = streamReader.ReadToEnd();

            httpWebResponse.Close();
            streamReader.Close();

            return responseContent;
        }

2.2 post

post提交数据的方式有四种，具体体现在contentType有四种方式：application/x-www-form-urlencoded，multipart/form-data，application/json以及text/xml，本文主讲前两种方法，第三种即为通过json格式发送数据，第四种通过xml格式发送。

2.2.1 contentType=application/x-www-form-urlencoded

此种方式应用比较普遍，但是当传递参数中存在文件如图片时则需要用到multipart/form-data方式

/// <summary>
        /// 采用httpwebrequest post方法请求数据
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="url"></param>
        /// <param name="body">body是要传递的参数,格式:api_keyi=xxxxxx&api_secret=xxxxxxx</param>
        /// <param name="contentType">application/x-www-form-urlencoded</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static string PostHttpWebRequest(string url, string body, string contentType)
        {
            HttpWebRequest httpWebRequest = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url);

            httpWebRequest.ContentType = contentType; 
            httpWebRequest.Method = "POST";
            httpWebRequest.Timeout = 1000;

            byte[] btBodys = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(body);
            httpWebRequest.ContentLength = btBodys.Length;
            httpWebRequest.GetRequestStream().Write(btBodys, 0, btBodys.Length);

            HttpWebResponse httpWebResponse = (HttpWebResponse)httpWebRequest.GetResponse();
            StreamReader streamReader = new StreamReader(httpWebResponse.GetResponseStream());
            string responseContent = streamReader.ReadToEnd();

            httpWebResponse.Close();
            streamReader.Close();
            httpWebRequest.Abort();
            httpWebResponse.Close();

            return responseContent;
        }

2.2.2 contentType=multipart/form-data

此种方式请求数据时，请求的数据流比较繁琐，需要自己来确定，即httpWebRequest.GetRequestStream().Write(btBodys, 0, btBodys.Length);中的btBodys需要自己构造，比较繁琐。其构造主体如下所示：

class RequestForm
    {
        public class PostImage  //image
        {
            public string fullPath;
            public string imageName; 
            public string contentType= "application/octet-stream";

            public PostImage(string path)
            {
                fullPath = path;
                imageName = Path.GetFileName(path);
            }            
        }

        class PostFile //files
        {

        }

        private static readonly Encoding encoding = Encoding.UTF8;


        /// <summary>
        /// 调用入口
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="postParameter"></param>
        /// <param name="url"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static string OnRequest(Dictionary<string,object> postParameter,string url)//主调用程序
        {
            string boundary = string.Format("{0}", Guid.NewGuid());
            byte[] body=GetPostForm(postParameter, boundary);
            string contentType = "multipart/form-data; boundary=" + boundary;
            return OnWebRequest(body, url, contentType);
            //return PostForm(url, contentType, body);
        }

        private static byte[] GetPostForm(Dictionary<string, object> postParameter,string boundary)//获取请求主体
        {
            Stream stream = new MemoryStream();
            bool isFirstPara = false;        

            foreach (KeyValuePair<string, object> para in postParameter)
            {
                if (isFirstPara)
                {
                    stream.Write(encoding.GetBytes("\r\n"), 0,encoding.GetByteCount("\r\n"));
                }

                isFirstPara = true;
                //若需要添加文件信息如txt等增加else分支添加
                if (para.Value is PostImage)
                {
                    PostImage postImage = (PostImage)para.Value;                    
                    string imageStatement = string.Format("--{0}\r\nContent-Disposition: form-data; name=\"{1}\"; filename=\"{2}\"\r\nContent-Type: {3}\r\n\r\n", new object[]
                    {
                        boundary,
                        para.Key,
                        postImage.imageName??para.Key,
                        postImage.contentType??"application/octet-stream"
                    });
                    stream.Write(encoding.GetBytes(imageStatement), 0, encoding.GetByteCount(imageStatement));
                    byte[] imageContent = GetImageInfo(postImage.fullPath);
                    stream.Write(imageContent, 0, imageContent.Length);
                }
                else
                {
                    string regularStatement = string.Format("--{0}\r\nContent-Disposition: form-data; name=\"{1}\"\r\n\r\n{2}", boundary, para.Key, para.Value);
                    stream.Write(encoding.GetBytes(regularStatement), 0, encoding.GetByteCount(regularStatement));
                }
            }

            string end = "\r\n--" + boundary + "--\r\n";
            stream.Write(encoding.GetBytes(end), 0, encoding.GetByteCount(end));
            stream.Position = 0L;
            byte[] bodyArr = new byte[stream.Length];
            stream.Read(bodyArr, 0, bodyArr.Length);
            stream.Close();

            return bodyArr;
        }

        private static string OnWebRequest(byte[] postForm,string url,string contentType)//数据请求
        {
            HttpWebRequest request =(HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url);
            //try
            //{
            //    HttpWebRequest request = WebRequest.Create(url) as HttpWebRequest;
            //}
            //catch(WebException ex)
            //{
            //    return ex.Message;
            //}

            if (request == null) return "Failed to connect url";
            request.Method = "POST";
            request.Timeout =2000;
            request.ReadWriteTimeout =2000;
            request.ContentType = contentType;
            request.ContentLength = (long)postForm.Length;

            try
            {
                using (Stream requestStream = request.GetRequestStream())
                {
                    int bufferSize = 4096;
                    int position = 0;
                    while (position < postForm.Length)
                    {
                        bufferSize = Math.Min(bufferSize, postForm.Length - position);

                        byte[] data = new byte[bufferSize];
                        Array.Copy(postForm, position, data, 0, bufferSize);
                        requestStream.Write(data, 0, data.Length);
                        position += data.Length;
                    }
                    //requestStream.Write(formData, 0, formData.Length);
                    requestStream.Close();
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                return ex.Message;                
            }

            HttpWebResponse result;

            try
            {
                result = (HttpWebResponse)(request.GetResponse());
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                return ex.Message;
            }

            StreamReader streamReader = new StreamReader(result.GetResponseStream());
            return streamReader.ReadToEnd();
        }

        private static byte[] GetImageInfo(string path)//通过路径获取图片信息
        {
            Bitmap bmp = new Bitmap(path);
            byte[] imageInfo;

            using (Stream stream = new MemoryStream())
            {
                bmp.Save(stream,ImageFormat.Jpeg);
                byte[] arr = new byte[stream.Length];
                stream.Position = 0;
                stream.Read(arr, 0, (int)stream.Length);
                stream.Close();
                imageInfo = arr;
            }

            return imageInfo;
        }

    }

2.2.3 调用代码

static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            string imagePath = @"D:\test\image\1.jpg";
            string url = "https://api-cn.faceplusplus.com/facepp/v3/detect";
            RequestForm.PostImage postImage = new RequestForm.PostImage(imagePath);

            Dictionary<string, object> postParameter = new Dictionary<string, object>();
            postParameter.Add("api_key", "*************************");
            postParameter.Add("api_secret", "**************************");
            postParameter.Add("image_file", postImage);
            //postParameter.Add("image_url", "http://imgtu.5011.net/uploads/content/20170328/7150651490664042.jpg");

            string result = RequestForm.OnRequest(postParameter, url);
            Console.WriteLine(result);
            Console.ReadKey();
        }

调用时参数为请求的url以及Dictionary<string, object> 类型的主体参数，传入图片时只需要一个参数调用时的key（上述代码为"image_file"）和包含图片路径的对象postImage，如果传入参数还需要其他文件如Txt格式等的文件时，只需要通过filestream读取出来即可