一种共享内存方式的进程间通讯方法与实现

共享内存由于其特殊性—共享内存是存在与每个进程的地址空间中的，通俗点就是这部分数据是对每个进程可见的，这样每个进程都可以在一定条件下直接操作共享内存中的数据，避免了数据的复制等耗时的操作，这也是共享内存比其他几种IPC机制（信号量、管道、消息队列等）的通信方式效率高的原因。

测试程序

1、赋值进程

#include <QCoreApplication>
#include <boost/interprocess/managed_shared_memory.hpp>
#include <unistd.h>

struct robot
{
    double x;
};

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    QCoreApplication a(argc, argv);
    //boost::interprocess::shared_memory_object::remove("share");
    boost::interprocess::managed_shared_memory m_managed_shm;
    robot *rob;
    m_managed_shm = boost::interprocess::managed_shared_memory(boost::interprocess::open_or_create, "share", sizeof(struct robot) + 1024);
    rob = m_managed_shm.find_or_construct<struct robot>("data")();
    boost::interprocess::interprocess_mutex *m_pMtx;
    m_pMtx = m_managed_shm.find_or_construct<boost::interprocess::interprocess_mutex>("mtx")();
    rob->x = 0;
    int count = 0;
    while(count<30)
    {
        count ++;
        m_pMtx->lock();
        rob->x++;
        m_pMtx->unlock();
        sleep(1);
    }
    boost::interprocess::shared_memory_object::remove("share");


    return a.exec();
}

2、取值进程

#include <QCoreApplication>
#include <boost/interprocess/managed_shared_memory.hpp>
#include <unistd.h>

struct robot
{
    double x;
};

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    QCoreApplication a(argc, argv);
    boost::interprocess::managed_shared_memory m_managed_shm;
    robot *rob;
    m_managed_shm = boost::interprocess::managed_shared_memory(boost::interprocess::open_or_create, "share", sizeof(struct robot) + 1024);
    rob = m_managed_shm.find_or_construct<struct robot>("data")();
    boost::interprocess::interprocess_mutex *m_pMtx;
    m_pMtx = m_managed_shm.find_or_construct<boost::interprocess::interprocess_mutex>("mtx")();
    int count = 0;
    while(count<30)
    {
        count ++;

        m_pMtx->lock();
        std::cout<<"rob->x = "<<rob->x<<std::endl;
        m_pMtx->unlock();
        sleep(1);
    }
    boost::interprocess::shared_memory_object::remove("share");

    return a.exec();
}