毛星云opencv3编程入门4——直方图和匹配、反向投影、模板匹配、角点检测

直方图的计算和绘制

反向投影

通道复制

模板匹配

模板匹配代码：

#include "pch.h"
#include <iostream>
#include<opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include"opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp"
#include"opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp"

using namespace cv;
using namespace std;

#define WINDOW_NAME1 "【原始图像】"  //为窗口标题定义的宏
#define WINDOW_NAME2 "【效果图像】"  //为窗口标题定义的宏

Mat g_srcImage, g_templateImage, g_resultImage;
int g_nMatchMethod;
int g_nMaxTrackbarNum = 5;
void on_Matching(int, void*);
int main()
{
	g_srcImage = imread("1.jpg", 1);
	g_templateImage = imread("2.jpg", 1);
	namedWindow(WINDOW_NAME1, CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
	namedWindow(WINDOW_NAME2, CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
	//创建滑动条并进行一次初始化
	createTrackbar("方法", WINDOW_NAME1, &g_nMatchMethod, g_nMaxTrackbarNum, on_Matching);
	on_Matching(0, 0);
	waitKey(0);
	return 0;
}

//回调函数
void on_Matching(int, void*)
{//给局部变量初始化
	Mat srcImage;
	g_srcImage.copyTo(srcImage);
	//初始化用于结果输出的矩阵
	int resultImage_cols = g_srcImage.cols - g_templateImage.cols + 1;
	int resultImage_rows = g_srcImage.rows - g_templateImage.rows + 1;
	g_resultImage.create(resultImage_cols, resultImage_rows, CV_32FC1);
	//进行匹配和标准化
	matchTemplate(g_srcImage, g_templateImage, g_resultImage, g_nMatchMethod);
	normalize(g_resultImage, g_resultImage, 0, 1, NORM_MINMAX, -1, Mat());
	//通过函数minMaxLoc 定位最匹配的位置
	double minValue;
	double maxValue;
	Point minLocation;
	Point maxLocation;
	Point matchLocation;
	minMaxLoc(g_resultImage, &minValue, &maxValue, &minLocation, &maxLocation, Mat());
	//TM_SQDIFF和CV_TM_SQDIFF_NORMED，越小的数值有着更高的匹配结果，而其余的方法，数值越大匹配效果越好
	if (g_nMatchMethod == TM_SQDIFF || g_nMatchMethod == CV_TM_SQDIFF_NORMED)
	{
		matchLocation = minLocation;
	}
	else 
	{
		matchLocation = maxLocation;
	}

	//绘制出矩形，并显示最终结果
	rectangle(srcImage, matchLocation, Point(matchLocation.x + g_templateImage.cols, matchLocation.y + g_templateImage.rows), Scalar(0, 0, 255), 2, 8, 0);
	rectangle(g_resultImage, matchLocation, Point(matchLocation.x + g_templateImage.cols, matchLocation.y + g_templateImage.rows), Scalar(0, 0, 255), 2, 8, 0);
	imshow(WINDOW_NAME1, srcImage);
	imshow(WINDOW_NAME2, g_resultImage);
	//除了相关匹配（TM CCORR）得到错误的匹配结果之外，其他5中匹配结果都较为准确
}

角点检测

角点检测可用于图像定位






确定图像强角点


代码：

#include "pch.h"
#include <iostream>
#include<opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include"opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp"
#include"opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp"

using namespace cv;
using namespace std;

#define WINDOW_NAME "【Shi-Tomasi角点检测】"  //为窗口标题定义的宏
#define WINDOW_NAME2 "【效果图像】"  //为窗口标题定义的宏

Mat g_srcImage, g_grayImage;
int g_maxCornerNumber = 33;
int g_maxTrackbarNumber = 500;
RNG g_rng(12345);

void on_GoodFeaturesToTrack(int, void*)
{
	//对于变量小于等于1的处理
	if (g_maxCornerNumber <= 1)
	{
		g_maxCornerNumber = 1;
	}
	vector<Point2f> corners;
	double qualityLevel = 0.01;//角点检测可接受的最小特征值
	double minDistance = 10;//角点之间的最小距离
	int blockSize = 3;//计算导数自相关矩阵时指定的邻域范围
	double k = 0.04;//权重系数
	Mat copy = g_srcImage.clone(); //复制源图像到一个临时变量中，作为感兴趣区域

	goodFeaturesToTrack(g_grayImage,//输入图像
		corners, //检测到的角点的输出向量
		g_maxCornerNumber, //角点的最大数量
		qualityLevel, //角点检测可接受的最小特征值
		minDistance,//角点之间的最小距离
		Mat(),//感兴趣区域
		blockSize,//计算倒数自相关矩阵时指定的邻域范围
		false,//不使用Harris角点检测
		k);//权重系数

	cout << ">此次检测到的角点数量为：" << corners.size() << endl;
	//绘制检测到的角点
	int r = 4;
	for (unsigned int i = 0; i < corners.size(); i++)
	{
		//以随机的颜色绘制出角点
		circle(copy, corners[i], r, Scalar(g_rng.uniform(0, 255), g_rng.uniform(0, 255), g_rng.uniform(0, 255)), -1, 8, 0);
	}
		imshow(WINDOW_NAME, copy);

}

int main()
{
	g_srcImage = imread("10.jpg", 1);
	cvtColor(g_srcImage, g_srcImage, COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
	namedWindow(WINDOW_NAME, WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
	//创建窗口和滑动条，并进行显示和回调函数初始化
	createTrackbar("最大角点数", WINDOW_NAME, &g_maxCornerNumber, g_maxTrackbarNumber, on_GoodFeaturesToTrack);
	imshow(WINDOW_NAME, g_srcImage);
	on_GoodFeaturesToTrack(0, 0);
	waitKey(0);
	return(0);
}

寻找亚像素角点