计算下列对坐标的曲线积分：
(
1
)
∮
L
x
y
d
x
,
(1)\oint_{L}xydx,
(1)∮Lxydx,其中
L
L
L为圆周
(
x
−
a
)
2
+
y
2
=
a
2
(
a
>
0
)
(x-a)^2+y^2=a^2(a>0)
(x−a)2+y2=a2(a>0)及x轴所围成的在第一象限内的区域的整个边界(按逆时针方向绕行);
(
2
)
∮
Γ
d
x
−
d
y
+
y
d
z
,
(2)\oint_{\Gamma}dx-dy+ydz,
(2)∮Γdx−dy+ydz,
其中
Γ
\Gamma
Γ为有向折线
A
B
C
A
,
ABCA,
ABCA,这里的
A
,
B
,
C
A,B,C
A,B,C依次为点
(
1
,
0
,
0
)
,
(
0
,
1
,
0
)
,
(
0
,
0
,
1
)
;
(1,0,0),(0,1,0),(0,0,1);
(1,0,0),(0,1,0),(0,0,1);
(
3
)
∫
L
(
x
+
y
)
d
x
+
(
y
−
x
)
d
y
,
(3)\int_{L}(x+y)dx+(y-x)dy,
(3)∫L(x+y)dx+(y−x)dy,其中
L
L
L是曲线
x
=
2
t
2
+
t
+
1
,
y
=
t
2
+
1
,
x=2t^2+t+1,y=t^2+1,
x=2t2+t+1,y=t2+1,从点
(
1
,
1
)
(1,1)
(1,1)到点
(
4
,
2
)
(4,2)
(4,2)的一段弧.
解：
(
1
)
L
(1)L
(1)L由
L
1
(
圆
弧
)
L_1(圆弧)
L1(圆弧)和
L
2
(
直
线
段
)
L_2(直线段)
L2(直线段)组成.
L
1
L_1
L1为有向半圆弧:
{
x
=
a
+
a
c
o
s
t
,
y
=
a
s
i
n
t
,
\left\{\begin{aligned} &x=a+acost,\\ &y=asint, \end{aligned}\right.
{x=a+acost,y=asint,
t
t
t从0变到
π
;
\pi;
π;
L
2
L_2
L2为有向线段
y
=
0
,
x
y=0,x
y=0,x从
0
0
0变到
2
a
.
2a.
2a.于是
∮
L
x
y
d
x
=
∫
L
1
x
y
d
x
+
∫
L
2
x
y
d
x
=
∫
0
π
a
(
1
+
c
o
s
t
)
⋅
a
s
i
n
t
⋅
(
−
a
s
i
n
t
)
d
t
+
0
=
−
a
3
(
∫
0
π
s
i
n
2
t
d
t
+
∫
0
π
s
i
n
2
t
c
o
s
t
d
t
)
=
−
a
3
(
π
2
+
0
)
=
−
π
2
a
3
.
\oint_{L}xydx=\int_{L_1}xydx+\int_{L_2}xydx\\ =\int_{0}^{\pi}a(1+cost) \cdot asint \cdot (-asint)dt+0\\ =-a^3(\int_{0}^{\pi}sin^2tdt+\int_{0}^{\pi}sin^2tcostdt)\\ =-a^3(\frac{\pi}{2}+0)=-\frac{\pi}{2}a^3.\\
∮Lxydx=∫L1xydx+∫L2xydx=∫0πa(1+cost)⋅asint⋅(−asint)dt+0=−a3(∫0πsin2tdt+∫0πsin2tcostdt)=−a3(2π+0)=−2πa3.
(
2
)
(2)
(2)
Γ
\Gamma
Γ由有向线段AB,BC,CA依次连接而成,其中
A
B
:
x
=
1
−
t
,
y
=
t
,
z
=
0
,
t
从
0
变
到
1
;
B
C
:
x
=
0
,
y
=
1
−
t
,
z
=
t
,
t
从
0
变
到
1
;
C
A
:
x
=
t
,
y
=
0
,
z
=
1
−
t
,
t
从
0
变
到
1
:
AB:x=1-t,y=t,z=0,t从0变到1;\\ BC:x=0,y=1-t,z=t,t从0变到1;\\ CA:x=t,y=0,z=1-t,t从0变到1:\\
AB:x=1−t,y=t,z=0,t从0变到1;BC:x=0,y=1−t,z=t,t从0变到1;CA:x=t,y=0,z=1−t,t从0变到1:
∫
A
B
d
x
−
d
y
+
y
d
z
=
∫
0
1
[
(
−
1
)
−
1
+
0
]
d
t
=
−
2
,
∫
B
C
d
x
−
d
y
+
y
d
z
=
∫
0
1
[
0
−
(
−
1
)
+
(
1
−
t
)
⋅
1
]
d
t
=
∫
0
1
(
2
−
t
)
d
t
=
3
2
,
∫
C
A
d
x
−
d
y
+
y
d
z
=
∫
0
1
(
1
−
0
+
0
)
d
t
=
1
,
\int_{AB}dx-dy+ydz=\int_{0}^{1}[(-1)-1+0]dt=-2,\\ \int_{BC}dx-dy+ydz=\int_{0}^{1}[0-(-1)+(1-t) \cdot 1]dt=\int_{0}^{1}(2-t)dt=\frac{3}{2},\\ \int_{CA}dx-dy+ydz=\int_{0}^{1}(1-0+0)dt=1,
∫ABdx−dy+ydz=∫01[(−1)−1+0]dt=−2,∫BCdx−dy+ydz=∫01[0−(−1)+(1−t)⋅1]dt=∫01(2−t)dt=23,∫CAdx−dy+ydz=∫01(1−0+0)dt=1,
因此
∮
Γ
d
x
−
d
y
+
y
d
z
=
−
2
+
3
2
+
1
=
1
2
.
\oint_{\Gamma}dx-dy+ydz=-2+\frac{3}{2}+1=\frac{1}{2}.
∮Γdx−dy+ydz=−2+23+1=21.
(
3
)
(3)
(3)由
{
2
t
2
+
t
+
1
=
1
,
t
2
+
1
=
1
\left\{\begin{aligned} &2t^2+t+1=1,\\ &t^2+1=1\\ \end{aligned} \right.
{2t2+t+1=1,t2+1=1
可得
t
=
0
;
t=0;
t=0;
由
{
2
t
2
+
t
+
1
=
4
,
t
2
+
1
=
2
\left\{\begin{aligned} &2t^2+t+1=4,\\ &t^2+1=2\\ \end{aligned} \right.
{2t2+t+1=4,t2+1=2
可得
t
=
1
;
t=1;
t=1;
因此
∫
L
(
x
+
y
)
d
x
+
(
y
−
x
)
d
y
=
∫
0
1
[
2
t
2
+
t
+
1
+
t
2
+
1
)
⋅
(
4
t
+
1
)
+
(
t
2
+
1
−
2
t
2
−
t
−
1
)
⋅
2
t
]
d
t
=
∫
0
1
(
10
t
3
+
5
t
2
+
9
t
+
2
)
d
t
=
32
3
.
\int_{L}(x+y)dx+(y-x)dy=\int_{0}^{1}[2t^2+t+1+t^2+1) \cdot (4t+1)+(t^2+1-2t^2-t-1) \cdot 2t]dt \\ =\int_{0}^{1}(10t^3+5t^2+9t+2)dt=\frac{32}{3}.
∫L(x+y)dx+(y−x)dy=∫01[2t2+t+1+t2+1)⋅(4t+1)+(t2+1−2t2−t−1)⋅2t]dt=∫01(10t3+5t2+9t+2)dt=332.
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