HOW TO CALCULATE THE INVERSE MATRIX QUILKLY AND CORRECTLY
A simple(but not general) approach to calculate it’s inverse matrix of a matrix.
Take the third order matrix as an example: Suppose
A
=
(
a
11
a
12
a
13
a
21
a
22
a
23
a
31
a
32
a
33
)
A=\begin{pmatrix}a_{11}&a_{12}& a_{13}\\a_{21}&a_{22}&a_{23}\\ a_{31}&a_{32}&a_{33}\end{pmatrix}
A=⎝⎛a11a21a31a12a22a32a13a23a33⎠⎞
and let
X
=
(
x
1
,
x
2
,
x
3
)
T
,
Y
=
(
y
1
,
y
2
,
x
3
)
T
X=(x_1,x_2,x_3)^T,Y=(y_1,y_2,x_3)^T
X=(x1,x2,x3)T,Y=(y1,y2,x3)T
From
A
X
=
Y
AX=Y
AX=Y we have
{
a
11
x
1
+
a
12
x
2
+
a
13
x
3
=
y
1
a
21
x
1
+
a
22
x
2
+
a
33
x
3
=
y
2
a
31
x
1
+
a
22
x
2
+
a
33
x
3
=
y
3
\begin{cases} a_{11}x_1+a_{12}x_2+a_{13}x_3=y_1 \\a_{21}x_1+a_{22}x_2+a_{33}x_3=y_2 \\a_{31}x_1+a_{22}x_2+a_{33}x_3=y_3 \end{cases}
⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧a11x1+a12x2+a13x3=y1a21x1+a22x2+a33x3=y2a31x1+a22x2+a33x3=y3
Then represent each of
y
i
y_i
yi by
x
i
x_i
xi respectively,
i
=
1
,
2
,
3
i=1,2,3
i=1,2,3,s.t.
{
x
1
=
a
11
′
y
1
+
a
12
′
y
2
+
a
13
′
y
3
x
2
=
a
21
′
y
1
+
a
22
′
y
2
+
a
33
′
y
3
x
3
=
a
31
′
y
1
+
a
22
′
y
2
+
a
33
′
y
3
\begin{cases} x_1=a_{11}^\prime y_1+a_{12}^\prime y_2+a_{13}^\prime y_3 \\x_2=a_{21}^\prime y_1+a_{22}^\prime y_2+a_{33}^\prime y_3 \\x_3=a_{31}^\prime y_1+a_{22}^\prime y_2+a_{33}^\prime y_3\end{cases}
⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x1=a11′y1+a12′y2+a13′y3x2=a21′y1+a22′y2+a33′y3x3=a31′y1+a22′y2+a33′y3
The inverse matrix of A is:
A
−
1
=
(
a
11
′
a
12
′
a
13
′
a
21
′
a
22
′
a
23
′
a
31
′
a
32
′
a
33
′
)
A^{-1}=\begin{pmatrix}a_{11}^\prime&a_{12}^\prime&a_{13}^\prime\\a_{21}^\prime&a_{22}^\prime&a_{23}^\prime\\a_{31}^\prime&a_{32}^\prime&a_{33}^\prime\end{pmatrix}
A−1=⎝⎛a11′a21′a31′a12′a22′a32′a13′a23′a33′⎠⎞
Now illustrate the approach by a simple example: let
A
=
(
1
0
2
2
1
−
1
3
1
0
)
A=\begin{pmatrix}1&0&2\\2&1&-1\\ 3&1&0\end{pmatrix}
A=⎝⎛1230112−10⎠⎞
let
A
X
=
Y
AX=Y
AX=Y we have
{
x
1
+
2
x
3
=
y
1
(
1
)
2
x
1
+
x
2
−
x
3
=
y
2
(
2
)
3
x
1
+
x
2
=
y
3
(
3
)
\begin{cases} x_1+2x_3=y_1 & (1) \\2x_1+x_2-x_3=y_2 &(2)\\3x_1+x_2=y_3 & (3) \end{cases}
⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x1+2x3=y12x1+x2−x3=y23x1+x2=y3(1)(2)(3)
(
3
)
−
(
1
)
⇒
x
1
+
x
3
=
y
3
−
y
2
(4)
(3)-(1)\Rightarrow x_1+x_3=y_3-y_2 \tag{4}
(3)−(1)⇒x1+x3=y3−y2(4)
(
1
)
−
(
4
)
⇒
x
3
=
y
1
+
y
2
−
y
3
(6)
(1)-(4)\Rightarrow x_3=y_1+y_2-y_3 \tag{6}
(1)−(4)⇒x3=y1+y2−y3(6)
Combine (4) and (6) we have
x
1
=
−
y
1
−
2
y
2
+
2
y
3
(7)
x_1=-y_1-2y_2+2y_3 \tag{7}
x1=−y1−2y2+2y3(7)
Combine (3) and (7) we have
x
2
=
3
y
1
+
6
y
2
−
5
y
3
(8)
x_2=3y_1+6y_2-5y_3 \tag{8}
x2=3y1+6y2−5y3(8)
From (6), (7) and (8) we have
{
x
1
=
−
y
1
−
2
y
2
+
2
y
3
x
2
=
3
y
1
+
6
y
2
−
5
y
3
x
3
=
y
1
+
y
2
−
y
3
\begin{cases} x_1=-y_1-2y_2+2y_3 \\x_2=3y_1+6y_2-5y_3\\x_3=y_1+y_2-y_3\end{cases}
⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x1=−y1−2y2+2y3x2=3y1+6y2−5y3x3=y1+y2−y3
So we conclude that the inverse matrix of A is
A
−
1
=
(
−
1
−
2
2
3
6
−
5
1
1
−
1
)
A^{-1}=\begin{pmatrix}-1&-2&2\\3&6&-5\\1&1&-1\end{pmatrix}
A−1=⎝⎛−131−2612−5−1⎠⎞
This approach can calculate the inverse matrices of most matrices.
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