机器人导航

一、SLAM建图

<launch>
    <arg name="use_map_topic" default="false"/>
    <arg name="scan_topic" default="scan"/>

    <node pkg="amcl" type="amcl" name="amcl" clear_params="true">
        <param name="use_map_topic" value="$(arg use_map_topic)"/>
        <!-- Publish scans from best pose at a max of 10 Hz -->
        <param name="odom_model_type" value="diff"/>
        <param name="odom_alpha5" value="0.1"/>
        <param name="gui_publish_rate" value="10.0"/>
        <param name="laser_max_beams" value="60"/>
        <param name="laser_max_range" value="12.0"/>
        <param name="min_particles" value="500"/>
        <param name="max_particles" value="2000"/>
        <param name="kld_err" value="0.05"/>
        <param name="kld_z" value="0.99"/>
        <param name="odom_alpha1" value="0.2"/>
        <param name="odom_alpha2" value="0.2"/>
        <!-- translation std dev, m -->
        <param name="odom_alpha3" value="0.2"/>
        <param name="odom_alpha4" value="0.2"/>
        <param name="laser_z_hit" value="0.5"/>
        <param name="laser_z_short" value="0.05"/>
        <param name="laser_z_max" value="0.05"/>
        <param name="laser_z_rand" value="0.5"/>
        <param name="laser_sigma_hit" value="0.2"/>
        <param name="laser_lambda_short" value="0.1"/>
        <param name="laser_model_type" value="likelihood_field"/>
        <!-- <param name="laser_model_type" value="beam"/> -->
        <param name="laser_likelihood_max_dist" value="2.0"/>
        <param name="update_min_d" value="0.25"/>
        <param name="update_min_a" value="0.2"/>
        <param name="odom_frame_id" value="odom"/>
        <param name="resample_interval" value="1"/>
        <!-- Increase tolerance because the computer can get quite busy -->
        <param name="transform_tolerance" value="1.0"/>
        <param name="recovery_alpha_slow" value="0.0"/>
        <param name="recovery_alpha_fast" value="0.0"/>
        <remap from="scan" to="$(arg scan_topic)"/>
    </node>
</launch>

二、地图保存

<launch>
    <arg name="**" value="$(find **)/**/**" />
    <node pkg="map_server" type="map_saver" name="map" args="-f $(arg **)" />
</launch>

三、读取保存的地图

<launch>
    <node pkg="map_server" type="map_server" name="map_server" args="$(find **)/**/**.yaml" />
</launch>

四、读取到的地图的yaml文件格式

//声明地图资源的路径
image: room.pgm
//地图刻度尺单位是：米/像素
resolution: 0.010000
//地图的位姿(相对于rviz中的原点的位姿)
origin: [-11.560000, -12.520000, 0.000000]
//取反，白变黑
negate: 0
//大于占用阈值就视为障碍物，小于空闲阈值就视为可以通行
//占用阈值
occupied_thresh: 0.65
//空闲阈值
free_thresh: 0.196

五、amcl定位

<launch>
<node pkg="amcl" type="amcl" name="amcl" output="screen">
  <!-- Publish scans from best pose at a max of 10 Hz -->
  <param name="odom_model_type" value="diff"/>
  <param name="odom_alpha5" value="0.1"/>
  <param name="transform_tolerance" value="0.2" />
  <param name="gui_publish_rate" value="10.0"/>
  <param name="laser_max_beams" value="30"/>
  <param name="min_particles" value="500"/>
  <param name="max_particles" value="5000"/>
  <param name="kld_err" value="0.05"/>
  <param name="kld_z" value="0.99"/>
  <param name="odom_alpha1" value="0.2"/>
  <param name="odom_alpha2" value="0.2"/>
  <!-- translation std dev, m -->
  <param name="odom_alpha3" value="0.8"/>
  <param name="odom_alpha4" value="0.2"/>
  <param name="laser_z_hit" value="0.5"/>
  <param name="laser_z_short" value="0.05"/>
  <param name="laser_z_max" value="0.05"/>
  <param name="laser_z_rand" value="0.5"/>
  <param name="laser_sigma_hit" value="0.2"/>
  <param name="laser_lambda_short" value="0.1"/>
  <param name="laser_lambda_short" value="0.1"/>
  <param name="laser_model_type" value="likelihood_field"/>
  <!-- <param name="laser_model_type" value="beam"/> -->
  <param name="laser_likelihood_max_dist" value="2.0"/>
  <param name="update_min_d" value="0.2"/>
  <param name="update_min_a" value="0.5"/>
  <param name="odom_frame_id" value="odom"/>
  <param name="resample_interval" value="1"/>
  <param name="transform_tolerance" value="0.1"/>
  <param name="recovery_alpha_slow" value="0.0"/>
  <param name="recovery_alpha_fast" value="0.0"/>
</node>
</launch>

六、move_base路径规划

<launch>

  <node pkg="move_base" type="move_base" respawn="false" name="move_base" output="screen" clear_params="true">
    <rosparam file="$(find mbot_navigation)/config/mbot/costmap_common_params.yaml" command="load" ns="global_costmap" />
    <rosparam file="$(find mbot_navigation)/config/mbot/costmap_common_params.yaml" command="load" ns="local_costmap" />
    <rosparam file="$(find mbot_navigation)/config/mbot/local_costmap_params.yaml" command="load" />
    <rosparam file="$(find mbot_navigation)/config/mbot/global_costmap_params.yaml" command="load" />
    <rosparam file="$(find mbot_navigation)/config/mbot/base_local_planner_params.yaml" command="load" />
  </node>
  
</launch>

下面的四个文件

1.base_local_planner_params

controller_frequency: 3.0
recovery_behavior_enabled: false
clearing_rotation_allowed: false

TrajectoryPlannerROS:
   max_vel_x: 0.5
   min_vel_x: 0.1
   max_vel_y: 0.0  # zero for a differential drive robot
   min_vel_y: 0.0
   max_vel_theta: 1.0
   min_vel_theta: -1.0
   min_in_place_vel_theta: 0.5
   escape_vel: -0.1
   acc_lim_x: 1.5
   acc_lim_y: 0.0 # zero for a differential drive robot
   acc_lim_theta: 1.2

   holonomic_robot: false
   yaw_goal_tolerance: 0.1 # about 6 degrees
   xy_goal_tolerance: 0.1  # 10 cm
   latch_xy_goal_tolerance: false
   pdist_scale: 0.9
   gdist_scale: 0.6
   meter_scoring: true

   heading_lookahead: 0.325
   heading_scoring: false
   heading_scoring_timestep: 0.8
   occdist_scale: 0.1
   oscillation_reset_dist: 0.05
   publish_cost_grid_pc: false
   prune_plan: true

   sim_time: 1.0
   sim_granularity: 0.025
   angular_sim_granularity: 0.025
   vx_samples: 8
   vy_samples: 0 # zero for a differential drive robot
   vtheta_samples: 20
   dwa: true
   simple_attractor: false

2.costmap_common_params

obstacle_range: 2.5
raytrace_range: 3.0
footprint: [[0.175, 0.175], [0.175, -0.175], [-0.175, -0.175], [-0.175, 0.175]]
footprint_inflation: 0.01
robot_radius: 0.175
inflation_radius: 0.15
max_obstacle_height: 0.6
min_obstacle_height: 0.0
#导航包所需要的传感器
observation_sources: scan
#对传感器的坐标系和数据进行配置
scan: {data_type: LaserScan, topic: /scan, marking: true, clearing: true, expected_update_rate: 0}

3.global_costmap_params

global_costmap:
   global_frame: map #地图坐标系
   robot_base_frame: base_footprint #机器人坐标系
   update_frequency: 1.0 #代价地图更新频率
   publish_frequency: 1.0 #代价地图发布频率
   static_map: true #是否需要静态地图
   rolling_window: false  #是否使用动态窗口
   resolution: 0.01 #全局地图分辨率
   transform_tolerance: 1.0 #等待坐标变换发布信息的超时时间
   map_type: costmap

4.local_costmap_params

local_costmap:
   global_frame: odom #里程计坐标系
   robot_base_frame: base_footprint #机器人坐标系
   update_frequency: 3.0 #代价地图更新频率
   publish_frequency: 1.0 #代价地图发布频率
   static_map: true #是否需要静态地图
   rolling_window: false #是否使用动态窗口
   width: 6.0 #局部地图宽度
   height: 6.0 #局部地图高度
   resolution: 0.01 #局部地图分辨率
   transform_tolerance: 1.0 #等待坐标变换发布信息的超时时间