arcsin ( x ) \arcsin(x) arcsin(x) 的麦克劳林展开
let
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(两边同时求导)
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(利用莱布尼兹公式,两边 n 阶求导)
\begin{aligned} \text{let}\ &f(x)=\arcsin{x} \\ &f' =\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-x^2}} \\ \Rightarrow &f' \cdot\sqrt{1-x^2} = 1 \\ \Rightarrow &f''\cdot(1-x^2)-xf'=0 \text{(两边同时求导)} \\ \Rightarrow &{n \choose 0}(1-x^2)f^{(n+2)} - {n \choose 1}2xf^{(n+1)} - {n \choose 2}2f^{(n)} = {n \choose 0}xf^{(n+1)} + {n \choose 1}f^{(n)} \text{(利用莱布尼兹公式,两边 n 阶求导)} \end{aligned}
let ⇒⇒⇒f(x)=arcsinxf′=1−x21f′⋅1−x2=1f′′⋅(1−x2)−xf′=0(两边同时求导)(0n)(1−x2)f(n+2)−(1n)2xf(n+1)−(2n)2f(n)=(0n)xf(n+1)+(1n)f(n)(利用莱布尼兹公式,两边 n 阶求导)
因为
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f'(0)=1, f''(0)=0
f′(0)=1,f′′(0)=0,所以可以求出:
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为偶数
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f^{(n)}(0) = \begin{cases} 0 & n \text{为偶数}\\ 1 & n=1 \\ ((2k-1)!!)^2 & n=2k+1 \end{cases}
f(n)(0)=⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧01((2k−1)!!)2n为偶数n=1n=2k+1
所以
arcsin
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\arcsin{x} = x + \frac{1}{3!}x^3 +\frac{(3!!)^2}{5!}x^5 + \frac{(5!!)^2}{7!}x^7 + \cdots + \frac{[(2k-1)!!]^2}{(2k+1)!}x^{2k+1} + o(x^{2k+2})
arcsinx=x+3!1x3+5!(3!!)2x5+7!(5!!)2x7+⋯+(2k+1)![(2k−1)!!]2x2k+1+o(x2k+2)
又因为拉格朗日余项趋于
0
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∞
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0\ (n\to\infty)
0 (n→∞) 在
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[
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1
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x\in[-1,1]
x∈[−1,1] 上成立。
所以:
arcsin x = x + ∑ k = 1 ∞ ( 2 k − 1 ) ! ! 2 ( 2 k + 1 ) ! x 2 k + 1 = x + ∑ k = 1 ∞ ( 2 k k ) 1 4 k ( 2 k + 1 ) x 2 k + 1 \begin{aligned} &\arcsin{x} = x + \sum_{k=1}^{\infty} \frac{(2k-1)!!^2}{(2k+1)!}x^{2k+1} \\ &= x+ \sum_{k=1}^{\infty} \binom{2k}{k}\frac{1}{4^k(2k+1)}x^{2k+1} \end{aligned} arcsinx=x+k=1∑∞(2k+1)!(2k−1)!!2x2k+1=x+k=1∑∞(k2k)4k(2k+1)1x2k+1