Using XILINX IP Core Block RAM (2)

1. Initial RAM
   1) In order to download the *.bits file in to Xilinx FPGA,the way to initial RAM is using .coe file. We can load the .coe file to initial RAM when we configured the IP Core.The .coe file syntax is shown below .
   MEMORY_INITIALIZATION_RADIX=16;
   　　MEMORY_INITIALIZATION_VECTOR=
   　　00 19 31 4a 61 78 8e a2
   　　b5 c5 d4 e1 ec f4 fb fe …
   　　The value’s radix can be set in the *.coe file , the symbol and string will not allowed in this file.
   　2) In order to use Modelsim to simulate the program ,we need to use system function to read data from text file,such as .dat and .txt. In simulation ,we use the $readmemh or$readmemb to read data into Memory type. Or using the *.mif file to initial RAM.
2. The ideal of search the correspond number
   1) The way to find the correspond value is easier to find similar data,we can read data from RAM,and stored the result of (find_num - data) into a temporary Memory，after that check the result whether there is zero ,when the result is zero,output the address,it means data in this address is the number we want to find ,also we can use the counter to record the correspond number appeared how many times.if there is no correspond number then cnt return 0,else find the similar number in RAM.First,check the minimum number in temporary Memory.second,check the data in Memory if there is a number equal to the minimum number and counter it times.
   2) There is differences in write data in to RAM between actual program and simulation.The way of initial RAM using *.coe file is not supported in modelsim,so we must write data into Memory through port A,the port B is only can be read in simple dual port RAM.Because of this difference we can not use simulation program to run in FPGA.
3. The framework of simulation and real program
   1) Botth of two framework are use the same clk in port A and port B,so clka and clkb were both connected in mclk.the framework as shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7.
   
   2) 　　In simulation,the first step is read data from text through write module.and next ,write data into Block RAM ,finally read data from Block RAM in temporary Memory. In real program there is no need write process so the port A is unconnected.
4. Program For ISE Version

module wr_rd_ram( 
                input  r_clk,     //clk 24Mhz
                input  r_rst,
                input  [7:0] r_dout,
                output reg [11:0] r_addr,
                output reg r_en,

                output  [7:0] right_data_out,
                output  [7:0] right_addr_out,
                output  [7:0] right_cnt,

                output  [7:0] similar_cnt,
                output  [7:0] similar_data_out,
                output  [7:0] similar_addr_out 
                );

parameter checknum = 8'h78;

reg [2:0] next;
reg rd_rdy,srh_dne;
reg [7:0] rd_mema [0:255];  
reg [7:0] rig_cnt,sim_cnt;              
reg [8:0] i,j,k,similar;
reg [7:0] rig_addr_tmp,rig_data_tmp,sim_addr_tmp,sim_data_tmp;

//Combinatial logic
always@(posedge r_clk) begin
    if(r_rst==1'b0) begin
        {next,r_addr} <= {3'd0,12'b0};
        {r_en,rd_rdy} <= {1'd0,1'b0};
    end
    else 
        case(next)
            3'd0: begin r_en <= 1'b1; next <= 3'd1; end
            3'd1: begin 
                        if(r_addr > 12'b1111_1111) begin
                            next <= 3'd3;
                            rd_rdy <= 1'b1;
                        end
                        else
                            next <= 3'd2;
                    end
            3'd2: begin                //put result of (r_dout-checknum) in rd_mema
                    rd_mema[r_addr] <= (r_dout>checknum) ? r_dout-checknum:checknum-r_dout;
                    r_addr <= r_addr + 12'b1;
                    next <= 3'd1; 
                end
            default: ; 
        endcase     
end
//search  the correspond number in rd_mema 
always@(posedge r_clk) begin
    if(!r_rst) begin
        {rig_cnt,i} <= {8'b0,9'd0};
        {rig_addr_tmp,rig_data_tmp} <= {8'b0,8'b0}; 
    end
    else 
        if(rd_rdy) begin 
            if(i <= 8'd255) begin           
                case(rd_mema[i])
                    8'd0: begin
                            rig_data_tmp <= rd_mema[i];
                            rig_addr_tmp <= i;
                            rig_cnt <= rig_cnt + 1'd1;
                        end
                    default:;
                endcase
                i <= i + 8'd1;
          end
        end
end
// search  min  (checknum-r_dout)   in rd_mema
always@(posedge r_clk) begin
    if(!r_rst) begin
        {similar,j,srh_dne} <= {9'd257,9'd0,1'b0};
    end
    else 
        if(rd_rdy) begin   
            if(j <= 8'd255) begin
                similar <= (similar < rd_mema[j])? similar:rd_mema[j]; 
                j <= j + 8'd1;
            end
            else 
                srh_dne <= 1'b1;
        end
end
//  find similar number
always@(posedge r_clk) begin
    if(!r_rst) begin
        {sim_cnt,k} <= {8'd0,9'b0};
        {sim_addr_tmp,sim_data_tmp} <= {8'b0,8'b0}; 
    end
    else 
        if(srh_dne) begin
            if(k <= 8'd255 ) begin
                case(rd_mema[k])  
                    similar:begin
                            sim_data_tmp <= rd_mema[k];
                            sim_addr_tmp <= k;
                            sim_cnt <= sim_cnt + 1'd1;
                          end
                    default:;   
                endcase
            k <= k + 8'd1;
         end
   end
end
// output data and it's address
assign right_data_out = rig_data_tmp;
assign right_addr_out = rig_addr_tmp;
assign right_cnt = rig_cnt;

assign similar_data_out = sim_data_tmp;
assign similar_addr_out = sim_addr_tmp;
assign similar_cnt = sim_cnt;

endmodule